BFvyN sfry kfrj akfl purK hI krdf hY pr hryk kMm leI koeI ZMg–qrIkf
Auh afp hI pYdf krdf hY. iswK kOm jd kfÌI izwg cukI sI qF siqgurU jI ny BfeI
gurmuK isMG jI qy apfr ikRpf kIqI qy afp jI ƒ mlfh bxf iswK kOm dI byVI ƒ
GuMmx Gyry ‘coN bcfAux leI sRI gurU isMG sBf lihr df cpU lf ky kyvl imtx qoN
hI nhIN bcfieaf sgoN scfeI pRgt kr Pyr dUsrIaF kOmF dy mukfbly qy KVf hovx leI
kr idwqf. BfeI gurmuK isMG jI df jIvn hI sRI gurU isMG sBf lihr df arMBk ieiqhfs
hY. aj kl dI gurmq avsQf, pMjfbI dI AunqI qy ivdXf df vfDf hovx df syhrf afp jI
dy isr hY pr iswK kOm ivc syvkF dI kIqI ƒ Bulf dyx dI vfdI ny ies syvk df nfAu
qk vI Bulf Cizaf hY.
jnm-: BfeI jI horF df jnm apRYl sMn 1849 eI: ivwc grIb
mfipaF dy Gr kpUrQlf ivKy hoieaf sI. ipqf df nFa BfeI bsfvf isMG sI, jo rfjf
inhfl isMG jI kpUrQlf dy lFgrI sn. afp ipMz cODr, ijlHf gujrFvflf dy vsnIk sn.
ipClf hfl:- ipMz dI jmIn QoVI sI, ies leI BfeI bsfvf isMG
jI pihly pihl rujgfr dy vs ho ky mhfrfjf Èyr isMG dy lFgrIaF ivwc BrqI ho gey.
Aus smyN lfhOr ivc bVy qjrbykfr Éfnsfmy mOËUd sn, ijnHF dy mfqihq bsfvf isMG
ny ÈfhI Kfxy bxfAux df qjrbf bVI imhnq nfl hfsl kIqf. ipCo 15 sqMbr sMn 1843
eI: ƒ jd mhfrfjf Èyr isMG df sMDfvflIey srdfrF dy hwQoN kql hoieaf qF kmFzYNt
gMzf isMG dI shfieqf nfl, jo Aus mhfrfjy dy rsoeI Éfny df aPsr sI, bsfvf isMG
dI jfx pCfx rfjf inhfl isMG dy nfl ho geI, qy afp ies iviD nfl kpUrQly phuMc
gey. sMn 1852 eI: ivc inhfl isMG df dyhFq hox qoN pihlF bsfvf isMG horIN rfjf
rxDIr isMG pfs qy Pyr kMvl ibkRm isMG dI syvf ivwc bdly gey.
ividaf pRfpqI qy gurmiq df AuqÈfh: kMvr ibkRm isMG
jI bVy ivdvfn, kvI qy nfm-bfxI dy rsIey sn qy BfeI bsfvf isMG dy nfl AunFH df
Éfs qOr qy snyh sI. ies leI AunFH dy puqr gurmuK isMG ƒ AunFH ny bcpn qoN hI
pfilaf-poisaf, pVfHieaf qy pMQk syvf dy Xog bxfieaf. BfeI gurmuK isMG ny muwZlI
ividaf kpUrQly hI pRfpq kIqI qy Pyr AucyrI ividaf leI gvrnmYNt kflj lfhOr jf dfÉl
hoey. ijnFH idnF ivwc aMimRqsr isMG sBf kfiem hoeI, BfeI horI ajy kflj ivwc hI
pVHdy sn ik kMvl sfihb dy nfl sBf dy iekwTF ivwc afAux-jfx hox krky afp ƒ
gurmiq dy pRcfr dI cytk lwg geI, ijs krky pVHfeI Êflbn bI[ey ivwc hI aDvfty
CwzI qy ies pfsy jut gey.
mfnisk JukfAu: BfeI gurmuK isMG dy inwjI kfgËfq dyKx
qoN pqf lgdf hY ik ÈurU ivc AunFH ƒ icqRklf df bVf ÈOk sI . sMn 1873 eI: ivwc
jd Auh ajy pVHdy hI sn qF mihkmf qflIm dy kfiem mukfm zfierYktr imstr sI[ prsn
df icqR AunFH ny aijhf suMdr ipwicaf ik ijs ƒ dyKdy Auh aMgryj bVf hI ÉuÈ
hoieaf. Ausny BfeI gurmuK isMG ƒ ieMjnIarI dI pVHfeI leI ruVkI Byjxf pRvfn kr
ilaf, pr BfeI hurF ƒ kuJ hor hI mnËUr sI, ies leI ruVkI nf gey. ies qrFH iek
vfr Pyr AunFH ƒ kMvr ibkRm isMG vloN kfnUMn pVHn dI pRyrxf vI hoeI, pr ies
pfisE vI kMz Bvf gey. sMsfrk kMmF vwloN ies qrFH Auprfmqf hox df kfrx BfeI sfihb
dIaF Dfrimk rucIaF sn jo AunFH ƒ bfbf jwsf isMG afhlUvflIey dy jIvn-ieiqhfs
ivwcoN pRfpq hoeIaF sn.
amlI progrfm: sMn 1876 eI: ivwc BfeI gurmuK isMG ny
ieh dyK ky ik sRI gurU isMG sBf aMimRqsr dy pRcfr df kMm ipwCy pY irhf hY, qy
gvFZI lok iswKF dy mukfbly qy kfPI awgy vD gey hn, pMQk AunwqI leI kuJ AusfrU
pRogrfm AulIikaf qy kMvl ibkRm isMG jI pfs afpxy ies afÈy df aYlfn kr idwqf.
ies aYlfn dy anusfr BfeI sfihb dy ieh afdrÈk ivcfr sn:-
1[ pMjfbI bolI ivwc kOmI sfihwq pYdf krnf.
2[ iswKF ƒ Dfrimk qy ivhfirk ividaf dyx df jqn krnf.
3[ anmq jF mnmq ivwc Gul iml rhy iswKF ƒ ies pfisE rok ky
pwky iswK bxfAuxf .
4[ vyly dI aMgryËI hkUmq df ibnF ivroD kIqy iswK Drm dy
pRcfr dIaF jVHF ƒ pfqfl ivwc lfAuxf.
BfeI sfihb dy ieh ivcfr Aus smyN dI nIqI dy aYn anukUl sn,
ikANuik ienHF gwlF qoN bypRvfh ho ky cwlx nfl iswKF ƒ nuksfn hI nuksfn sI qy
lfB koeI nhIN sI. kMvl sfihb ny AunFH dy ies pRogrfm ƒ isry cfVHn leI hr qrFH
qn, mn qy Dn krky shfieqf dyx df Brosf idwqf.
pihlf Xqn : hux BfeI gurmuK isMG df pihlf kMm sRI gurU
sBf aMimRqsr ƒ muV nvyN isirEN surjIq krnf sI. ies kMm df muwZ qorn leI Auh
BfeI krm isMG pujfrI ƒ nfl lYky srdfr Tfkr isMG sMDfvflIey ƒ imly. isMG sBf dI
AuwnqI dy nfl hI bhuq Ëor AunFH ny ies gwl qy idwqf ik aMimRqsr ivwc iswK
lVikaF leI imÈn skUl mukfbly qy iek vwKrf mdrsf (skUl) jfrI kIqf jfvy qy dUjy
ieh vI ikhf ik aMjmin pMjfb dI, jo ies smyN pMjfb XUnIvristI dI Èkl ivwc bdl
rhI sI, hr mumkn qrIky nfl shfieqf kIqI jfvy. ieh shfieqf pMjfbI bolI ƒ AunqI
dyx leI sI. zfktr lfietnr, jo aMjmin pMjfb df moZI sI, ies smyN BfeI gurmuK isMG
df imqR bx igaf. qIjy ies kMm ivwc AunFH nfl BfeI afieaf isMG jI juV gey. AuproN
sR: Tfkur isMG sMDfvflIey ny shfieqf df Brosf idwqf. sMn 1876 ivwc pMjfb
XUnIvristI ErIaYNtl kflj KuuilHaf qy ies qoN agly sfl sMn 1877 ivwc ienFH iqMnF
sjxf dy jqn nfl ErIaYNtl kflj ivwc pMjfbI bolI pVHfeI jfxI mnËUr ho geI.
kflj dI srvs: pMjfbI mnjUr hox sfr hI BfeI gurmuK isMG
pMjfb XUnIvristI ErIaYNtl kflj ivwc pRoPYsr lwg gey. ies mulfjmq ivwc ho ky Auh
sMn 1885 qk bI[ E[ aYl[ dy ividafrQIaF ƒ ihsfb, ieiqhfs qy iPlfsPI dI pVHfeI
krvFdy rhy. ies smyN dy drimafn sMn 1881 ivwc pRfeIvyt qOr qy AuNnHF ny ihsfb dy
afnrË stYNzrz df PfeInl iemiqhfn pfs kIqf.
sMn 1885 qoN BfeI gurmuK isMG dI bdlI gvrnmYNt kflj ivwc ho
geI, ijwQy afp jUnIar klfsF ƒ ihsfb qy ieiqhfs pVHfAuxdy rhy. Aus vyly ividaf
df eynf pRcfr nf hox krky pMjfbI df koeI aiDafpk imlxf bVf aOKf sI, ies leI sMn
1888 ivwc afp Pyr ErIaYNtl kflj ivwc bdly gey. pMjfbI klfsF ivwc Aus smyN aj klH
dI qrFH ikwsy khfxIaF nhIN, sgoN vydFq afid iviÈaF dy bVy gUVH gRMQ pVHny pYNdy
sn qy sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb dy arQF qoN ividafrQIaF df jfxU hoxf lfËmI sI, ies
leI ErIaYNtl kflj ivwc roj bkfiedf sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb df pRkfÈ huMdf sI qy
gurmiq iPlfsPI Auqy lYkcr idwqy jFdy sn.
pMjfbI pqRkfrI: gurmuK isMG jI ny pMjfbI pqRkfrI ivwc
vI pihl kIqI qy ‘gurmuKI aÉbfr’ (1880) ividafrk pMjfb (1880) ‘rsflf
suDfrk’ aqy ‘Éflsf gËt’ (1886) pRkfiÈq krny afrMBy. ieMnFH qoN ibnF
pMjvF iek hor pqR ‘Éflsf aKbfr’ sMn 1885) ivwc isMG sBf lfhOr vloN kwiZaf.
ieh pMjy pqR pMjfbI bolI qy sfihq dy vfDy leI BfeI sfihb dy moilk jqnF dy nqIjy
sn.
igRhsQI jIvn: sMn 1880 qoN 1888 eI: dy drimafn smyN
ivwc BfeI gurmuK isMG dIaF do ÈfdIaF hoeIaF. pihlI ÈfdI isMG sBf qy inXmF
muqfibk Ëfq pfq dy iKlfP ƒ iek pfsy rwK ky ipMz dodpur ivwc qRKfx isMGF dy Gr
hoeI. ipwCoN QoVf icr hI acfxk Aus supqnI df idhFq hox qy dUjI ÈfdI afp ny ipMz
jMzU ky muqisl mfeIsrKfnf (biTMzy dy nyVy) kIqI.
sRI gurU grMQ sfihb df ÌrIdkotI tIkf: ies smyN drbfr
PrIdkot vloN sRI gurU grMQ sfihb df tIkf iqafr krvfey jfx df PYslf hoieaf. bhuq
sfry ivdvfn qy guxI-igafnI ies kMm leI iekwTy kIqy gey. BfeI gurmuK isMG qy
AunFH dy iek do sfQI vI iekwT ivwc gey. AunFH ivdvfnF qy igafnIaF dy, ijnFH ivc
bfbf sumyr isMG mhMq ptnf sfihb vI sn, snfqnI ZMg dy arQ suxky BfeI
gurmuK isMG ny rfjf ibkRm isMG ƒ sfP kih idwqf ik afp dy guxI igafnI qy tIkfkfr
eynI smJ nhIN rKdy jo sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb dy shI arQ kr skx, ikAuNik ienFH ivwc
Koj BrI ividaf, buwDI qy gurmq iPlfsPI dI pux-Cfx krn dy Kfs Gfty hn. ies krky
tIkf krn dy kdficq jog nhIN hn. ieh KrI KrI nukqf cInI suxky igafnI bdn isMG dy
qF qn mn ƒ awg lwg geI qy Ausny bydI Kym isMG pfs iÈkfieq kr idwqI . rfjf
ibkRm isMG horI cUMik bydI sfihb nfl awCI ÉfsI akIdq rKdy sn, ies leI Auh BfeI
gurmuK isMG ƒ ies ÈuB kfrj ivwc rok pfAux vfly smJ ky AunFH qy nfrfË ho gey.
BfeI gurmuK isMG Auqy dUÈn: ies qoN ipwCoN BfeI
gurmuK isMG ivruwD mOky dI Bfl hox lwgI qF jo Aus qoN ies ivroD df, jo DIro DIry
mlIh dI awg vFgU dohF iDrF dy ivckfr DuKdf jf irhf sI, bdlf ilaf jfvy. acfxk ies
qoN do sfl ipwCoN sMn 1887 ivwc srdfr Tfkur isMG sMDfvflIey, jo ivlfieqoN muV ky
pFzIcrI phuMc cuwky sn, clfxf kr gey qy eyDr isMG sBf dy vwzy moZI kMvl ibkRm
isMG kpUrQlf, df idhFq vI ho igaf. ies qoN ibnF isMG sBf lfhOr dy muKIaF ivwc
kuJ Puwt vI af peI. ies qrFH afpxf pwK kmËor hox qy BfeI gurmuK isMG iekwly hI
ies mYdfn ivwc rih gey. aMimRqsrI DVy ny ieh smF TIk smiJaf qy BfeI gurmuK isMG
dy ivruwD iek ieÈiqhfr Cfp ky vMizaf igaf, ijs ivwc AunFH Auqy dUÈx lfey gey
sn:-
- BfeI sfihb gur-aMÈ (sfihbËfidaF) df snmfn nhIN krdy.
- jnm sfKI bflf ivwc sumyl prbq ƒ JUTI klpnf mMndy.
- bicqR nftk ƒ gurbfxI nhIN mMndy.
- 26, 27, PrvrI 1887 ƒ isMG sBf lfhOr dy jlsy ivwc 24 avqfrF dIaF qsvIrF
lgf ky AuNnFH df KMzn ikAUN kIqf igaf ?
- iek ihMdUEN muslmfn hoey hwjx ƒ dIvfn vloN isMG sfijaf igaf.
- BfeI sfihb ny ‘Kflsf aÉbfr’ dy iek prcy ivwc iliKaf ik gurduafiraF
ivc Èsqr-pUjf df irvfj ihMdUaF dI dyKf dyKI ÈurU hoieaf hY, jo gurmq qoN
Ault hY.
- ijqnf icr koeI isMG qfby nf bYTf hovy Auqnf icr ieh sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb
ƒ gurU nhIN mMndy.
PrIdkot ivwc iekwT: sB qoN pihlF ienFH dUÈxF qy ivcfr
krn dI pRyrxf sRI gurU isMG sBf PrIdkot ƒ hoeI. ies mOky qy igafnI bcn isMG
(PrId kotI) bfbf Kym isMG bydI, bfvf inhfl isMG lyKk ‘ÉurÈId Éflsf’ qy
AunFH dy Brf bfvf srmuK isMG ny bVI srgrmI nfl ies kMm ivwc ihwsf ilaf. iek
Aucycf iekwT PrIdkot kIqf, ijs ivwc Èfml hox leI lfhOr aqy aMimRqsr dy sB
muKIey afpxy afp ÌrIdkot phuMc gey. jd iekqRqf hoeI qF PYslf kIqf igaf ik BfeI
gurmuK isMG ijqnf icr afpxy ipwCy dwsy gunfh nf bÉÈfvfvy Auqnf icr Ausƒ
Éflsf pMQ qoN alwg rwiKaf jfvy. ies PYsly Auqy rfjf sfihb ÌrIdkot qoN lY ky
vwzy-vwzy sMqF mhMqF afid sB ny dsqKq kr idwqy qy ipwCy ieh vwzI sBf dI mnjUrI
vfsqy aMimRqsr ByjI geI.
BfeI gurmuK isMG df akfl qKqoN Cyikaf jfxf: vwzI sBf
arQfq-Kflsf dIvfn, aMimRqsr ivwc vI sB iek DVy dy hI afdmI sn, ies leI bhu-sMmqI
nfl PrId kot df PYslf hI awKr aKwr shI rwiKaf igaf.
supn nftk df mukwdmf: igafnI idwq isMG jI ies smyN
‘Kflsf aÉbfr’ dy aYzItr sn. AuNnHf ny ies pqR ivwc BfeI gurmuK isMG jI dI
Cyk iCkfeI bfry aMimRqsr DVy dI aslIaq afpxy pfTkF ƒ KolH ky dwsI. ÌrId kot dy
iekwT qoN lY ky aMimRqsr dy ÌYsly qk BfeI gurmuK isMG dy akfl qKqoN Éfrj kIqy
jfx df sfrf ikwsf ‘supn nftk’ dy rUp ivwc hfs-rsI ZMg nfl klmbMd krky
Cfipaf. ies nftk ivwc rfjf ibkRm isMG, bfbf Kym isMG bydI, igafnI JMzf isMG,
igafnI sMq isMG bfbf sumyl isMG mhMq ptnf , bfbf Audy isMG bydI (kpUrQlf) afid
moZIaF bfry bVI knukqfcInI kIqI qy sB df mOjU Auzfieaf sI. ies nftk dy pRkfÈq
hox qy bfbf Audy isMG bydI ny ies ivwc afpxf apmfn smiJaf, ijs krky lfhOr adflq
df bUhf jf KVkfieaf. hwqk iewËq df mukwdmf clx qy dohF iDrF dy gvfh Bugqy. aMq
ivwc PYslf hox qy igafnI idwq isMG ƒ adflq vloN 51 rupey jurmfnf hoieaf. ipwCoN
AuprlI adflq ivwc apIl krn qy igafnI jI sfP brI ho gey qy ieh jurmfnf vI mfP ho
igaf.
Kflsf kflj ikvyN bixaf ?
afrMBk jqn: iswK ividafk lihr, ijvyN ik ipwCy dwisaf
igaf hY, ik sMn 1880 ivwc hI cwl peI sI qy BfeI gurmuK isMG ny Kflsf kflj bxfx
leI pRcfr krnf ÈurU kr idwqf sI. isMG sBf ivwc ies bfry iek pRsqfv vI rwiKaf qy
‘gurmuKI aKbfr’ ivwc ies ivÈy qy lyK vI ilKy gey. ies qoN ipCoN sMn 1883
eI: ƒ lflf sMq rfm dI koTI aMimRqsr iswKF df iek iekwT hoieaf ijs ivwc pMQk
muKIaF awgy BfeI gurmuK isMG ny Kflsf kflj kfiem krn leI afpxy ivcfr pyÈ kIqy.
sfiraF ny ieqPfk rfie nfl ies iKafl dI pRoVqf kIqI qy gurmqf pfs krky iek kmytI
inXq hoeI ijs ivwc bfbf Kym isMG bydI qy cfr-pMj hor swjx ley gey.
iswK reIsF dI idlI iewCf: hux isMG sBf lfhOr dy
moZIaF df AuqÈfh hor vI viDaf . BfeI gurmuK isMG jI gvrnmYNt qoN ies
kfrj leI shfieqf mMgx lwgy. iswK irafsqF ivc cMdf iekwTf krn leI AunFH ny keI
gyVy lgfey, pr kuJ inrfsqf hI hoeI. mhfrfjf ÌrId kot ny ikhf, jy myry nfm qy
kflj bxfE qF shfieqf iml skdI hY, iesy qrFH keI hor rfjy mhfrfjy qy reIsF ny
iewCf pRgt kIqI. BfeI gurmuK isMG ny sB ƒ ieho Auqr idwqf ik kflj df sFJf nfm
‘Éflsf kflj’ hI rhygf qy cNMdf vI quhfƒ dyxf pvygf.
Kflsf kflj ikwQy bxy: keI lwK rupey jmF hox qy ivcfr iCVI
ik Éflsf kflj ikwQy bxy, lfhOr jF aMimRqsr ? Kflsf dIvfn lfhOr dy moZIaF dI
rfie lfhOr dy hwk ivc sI qy gvrnmYNt vI cfhuMdI sI ik ieh kflj lfhOr hI bxfieaf
jfvy. QF dI qjvIË vI gvrnmYNt kflj qy zI[ ey[ vI[ skUl dy nyVy qyVy hI hox
lwgI. ieh dyK ky afrIaF smfjIaF ƒ ipwsU pey. AunHF ny soicaf ik jy Éflsf kflj
lfhOr ivwc hI bx igaf qF AunFH dy zI[ey[vI[ kflj dI skIm qF DrI-DrfeI hI rih
jfvygI ikAuNik eynf cMdf, iekwTf krn dI AunFH ivwc qfkq nhIN sI.
Éflsf kflj dI sQfpnf: ies qoN ipwCoN Pyr aMimRqsr bfry
vI svfl pYdf hoieaf ik kflj ikwQy bxfieaf jfvy. gvrnmYNt qF rylvy styÈn dy nfl
hI rfm bfg dI ËmIn ies ÈuB kfrj leI iswKF ƒ dyxI cfhuMdI sI, pr kuJ afgUaF ny
soicaf ik jykr Èihr dy nyVy kflj bx igaf qF ividafrQIaF dy afcrx Auqy ÈihrI
jIvn df BYVf asr pvygf, ies leI aMimRqsr qoN pwCm-Auqr 4 mIl dy Pfsly qy lfhOr
ƒ jfx vflI sVk dy swjy hwQ ipMz kot sYd mihmUd dy iËmIdfrF qoN 100 eykV ËmIn
KrIdI, ijwQy 5 mfrc, sMn 1892 eI: sr jymË lfiel lft sfihb pMjfb dy hwQIN Éflsf
kflj dI nINh rwKI geI.
dIvfn lfhOr dI kfmXfbI: BfeI gurmuK isMG ƒ akfl
qKq qoN Cykx df jo nftk ricaf igaf Auh aMimRqsr DVy df aMqlf vfr sI, pr ies ivwc
asPlqf hI hoeI. Éflsf kflj bxn ipwCoN dIvfn lfhOr dI kfmXfbI dy kfrn Aus dy
pRcfr afid dy kMmF ivwc hor vI qrwkI hoeI qy BfeI gurmuK isMG dI Èuhrq vDx
lwgI.
pujfrIaF df zr: BfeI gurmuK isMG dy nfl bfbf Kym isMG jI
df jo vKryvF sI qF Auh kyvl iswDFqk sI, hor koeI buinafdI ivroDqf nhI sI, pr keI
pujfrI qy DrmsflIey BfeI, ijnHF dy hwQF ivwc gurdvfiraF dIaF jfiedfdF sn, BfeI
gurmuK isMG dy suDfrk kMmF qoN buinafdI qOr qy ivruwDI sn. AuNnHF ƒ zr sI ik
ikqy ies suDfr ivwc AunFH dIaF jfiedfdF hI nf Kuws jfx, iesy leI Auh BfeI sfihb
dy pRcfr ƒ kYrI awK nfl dyKdy sn. so, ieh ivroDqf vDdI hI clI geI.
do mihjr nfmy: sMn 1890 ivwc jd Kflsf kflj leI cMdf
iekwTf kIqf jf irhf sI kuJ lokF ny ijnFH ivwc pujfrI sn, iek mihjr nfmf ies Bfv
df iqafr kIqf ik BfeI gurmuK isMG aqy igafnI idwq isMG qnKfhIey hn, ies leI
ienFH ƒ cMdf nf idwqf jfvy, pr jd ies df asr iswK jnqf Auqy kuJ nf hoieaf qy
Kflsf kflj bx hI igaf qF 150 lokF dy dsqKqF hyT iek hor dUjf mihjr nfmf iliKaf
igaf. Aus df Bfv vI ieho sI ik BfeI gurmuK isMG cHMik iswKIEN Éfrj hY, ies leI
ies ƒ ‘kflj –kONsl df mYNbr nf bxfieaf jfvy.
Éflsf pRYs qy aÉbfr: BfeI gurmuK isMG jI afpxI Dun dy
pwky sn ies leI ienHF kfgjI hmilaF df AunFH dy idl Auqy koeI vI asr nf ipaf.
Éflsf kflj dI sQfpnf qoN Pfirg huMidaF hI AunFH ny ‘Éflsf pRYs’ qy ‘Kflsf
aKbfr’ df pRbMD nvyN isirEN TIk kIqf. ‘Kflsf pRYs’ leI nvF tfeIp KrIidaf
aqy ‘Kflsf aKbfr’ jo sMn 1887 ivwc ‘supn nftk’ dy mukwdmy ivwc AulJx kr
ky kuJ icr ipwCoN bMd ho igaf sI, sMn 1893 eI: qoN Pyr nvyN isry cflU kIqf igaf.
BfeI gurmuK isMG df akfl clfxf: srdfr gurmuK isMG jI eynI
vwzI Aumr dy nhIN sn, Éflsf kflj dI jwdo-jihd dy idnF ivwc kmjor ho gey . ies
qoN QoVf ku icr ipwCoN AunFH ƒ kuJ idl dI qklIP rihx lwg peI. ies dOrfn ivwc
kfPI krjy df Bfr vI isr qy cVH igaf. afpxI ishq TIk krn leI AunFH ny pMQk kMmF
qoN iek sfl dI CuwtI vI leI, pr ies df koeI Éfs lfB nf hoieaf.
jd iswK kOm jrf DOx cukx jogI hoeI qF mOq vI ies ‘iswK Drm’
dy sfry ivÈvfsI, ihqYÈI qy kOm dy qkVy cOkIdfr, pMjfbI jbfn dy mddgfr, dy
cfhvfn dI Aupmf qy syvf nf shfr skI. aMq 24nvMbr, sMn 1898 eI: ƒ, jd Auh
mhfrfxf DOx pur qoN cMdf lYx vfsqy kMzy Gft (pitaflf) gey sn, qF sRI ngr dy
mukfm qy idl dI hrkq bMd ho jfx kr ky AuNnHF df dyhFq ho igaf.
gux, krm qy suBfAu: BfeI gurmuK isMG dI ieh by-vkq mOq
Éflsf dIvfn lfhOr leI asih swt qy Kflsf kflj leI iek nf pUrf hox vflf Gftf sI.
BfeI sfihb swc muwc hI iswKF dy iek vwzy afgU qy pMQk BlfeI leI AuwcIaF skImF dy
mflk sn. jy AunFH ƒ iswKF dy sr swXd aihmd ikhf jfvy qF koeI aXog jF ax-PbdI
Aupmf nhIN hY. Bgq lCmx isMG jI, ijnHF ny AunFH ƒ awKIN dyiKaf sI, pMQk iKdmqF
bfry AunFH dI pRsMsf krdy hoey mfrc sMn 1941 dy rsflf pMj diraf (lfhOr) ivwc ieMË
ilKdy hn:-
iswK rjvfiVaF dI Audfrqf qF mMnI pRmMnI khfvq hY qy Auh afpxy
jqnF nfl iswKI pRcfr leI idl KolHky dfn dyNdy sn, pr iksy ƒ kI pqf sI ik iswKF
ƒ muV jfgqR krn df syhrf iek grIb iswK jwt dy isr bMnHIvygf. myrI murfd BfeI
gurmuK isMG qoN hY, ijnFH ƒ iswKI syvf dI Auh lgn sI ik Èfied hI iksy ƒ
hovygI. afp ny kOm ƒ Aucf krn df Auprflf kIqf, pr afp kdI Aucy hox df supnf vI
nhIN sI ilaf. 70-80 rupY mhInf qnKfh imldI sI[[[. bwcI bwcf koeI nhIN sI, kyvl
iek isMGxI hI sI. rotI kwpVy qoN jo bcy iswK nOjvfnF dI pVHeI ivwc lgdf sI.
not: pRo: gurmuK isMG jI df ieh sMKyp jIvn, siqkfr sihq
" iswK imÈnrI kflj luiDafxf, vwloN ilKI ikqfb, isMG sBf lihr" ivwcoN
ilaf igaf hY. bynqI hY ik ivsQfr nfl jfxkfrI lYx leI ieh ikqfb pVHo jI.
