gurbfxI ivc pOrfxk kQfvF

pRo: ieMdr isMG ‘Gwgf’

(1) 1[ Em :- awj sB qoN mhwqvpUrn smiJaf jf irhf Èbd jF mMqr ‘‘Em`` vydF ivc nhIN afieaf. ies ƒ gupq rwKx qy gupq hI jpx dI hdfieq hY. ieh Èbd Dfrmk rIqF aqy pRfrQnf leI vriqaf jFdf hY. iesy dI Aucfrx DunI ƒ lMmf krky jpx kfrn sfDkF ny ies ƒ iqMn ihwisaF ivc qbdIl kr idwqf. ieh iqMn awKr a-E-m df sMXukq Èbd hY, ijhVf ik iqMn vydF df sUck hY. ‘‘Em`` Èbd sB qoN pihlF AupinÈdF ivc vriqaf igaf hY. ‘‘a`` ivȃ df ‘‘E`` iÈv df aqy ‘‘m`` bRhmf df pRqIkrm mMinaf jFdf hY. ies sMXukq Èbd ƒ ‘‘AudrgIQ`` (qfrn vflf, mukq krn vflf) kihMdy hn. ihMdUaF dy ‘‘bfrF mhF ilMg`` mMidrF ivcoN iewk nImfV iËlHy dy asQfn qy nrmdf ndI dy kMZy iewk pRiswD mMdr BI hY, ijsƒ ‘‘Em`` jF ‘‘EaMkfr`` ikhf jFdf hY. (ihMdU imiQhfs koÈ pMnf-18)

2[ Em jF EaMkfr df arQ hY rwiKaf krnI, bcfAuxf, iqRpq hoxf, PYlxf aqy pRmfqmf. sMsikRq dy ivafiKafkfrF ny ‘‘E-a-m`` iqMn awKrF ƒ ies qrHF svIkfiraf hY- ‘‘E`` - bRRhmf, ‘‘a`` - ivȃ, ‘‘m`` - iÈv mMnky iqMndyv (qIn mUrqI) rUp klipaf hY. gurU nfnk ny muwZ ivc eykf (ñ) ilK ky iswD kIqf hY ik krqfr iewk hY. nImfV iËlHy ivc jo vwzf ihMdU mMdr hY, ies QF gurU nfnk sfihb jI ny pujfrIaF nfl lMmI ivcfr crcf rfhIN AuhnF ƒ rwbI igafn idwqf. iesy QF ivKy guruU jI ny rfmklI rfg ivc ‘‘EaMkfr`` nfmI bfxI Aucfrx kIqI sI. (BfeI kfhn isMG nfBf, mhfn koÈ pMnf-21)

ivcfr :- ijs iKwqy dys jF siBaqf ivc koeI ivakqI jnm lYNdf hY, Aus duafrf hI pihlF igafn hfsl krdf hY. iPr Ausy pRclq bolI aqy muhfvry ivc afpxy ivcfr pRgt krdf hY. ikAuNik Aus ivÈyÈ qrHF dy lokF ƒ AuhI bolI smJ af skdI hY jo AuhnF pIVHI dr pIVHI iswKI hoeI huMdI hY. gurU nfnk sfihb pMjfb ivc jnmy, pVHy qy pRvfn cVHy. iesy iKwqy ivc afm lokF nfl gwlbfq huMdI, sfDUaF AudfsIaF ƒ imldy. iesy pMjfb dI DrqI qy modI (isvl splfeI mihkmy dy pMjfb Br dy sB qoN vwzy aPsr) vflI nOkrI kIqI. Bfrq ivc ijnHF DrmF df Aus vkq vDyry pRBfv sI Auh sn ihMdU (vYidk), ieslfm, jogmq, jYn mwq, jF sfkq mwq. jo kuJ iehnF sfiraF dy sfihq ivc iliKaf hoieaf sI gurU nfnk jI ny Aus df zUMGf aiDaYn kIqf. ijs muhfvry ivc iehnF dI ilKq ilKI geI Auh ‘‘qIn dyv`` prDfn sI. AuQy cOvI avqfrF df bfr bfr iËkr sI. Aus ivc gIqf, rfmfiex, mhFBfrq sI. Aus ivc vyd purfx qy isimRqIaF sn. AuhnF vwloN lokF qy ipaf pRBfv spÈt idws irhf sI. afm lokF dI socxI qy kMm kfjI muhfvry Aus purfqn Drfql ivcoN ivkfs krdy, QoVHy bhuq rUp vtfAuNdy sPr qYa krdy afm jnsmuUMh dI Ëubfn AuWqy sn. nvyN ivcfr, nvIN bolI ivc nhIN idwqy jf skdy. sgoN lokF ivc hrmn ipafrI bolI ivc hI smJfey jf skdy hn. iesfeI pfdrIaF ny Bfrq ivc af ky aMgryËI rfhIN iesfeIaq nhIN PYlfeI, sgoN sQfnk bolIaF ivc Kud muhfrq hfsl kIqI, qy afpxf mwq vDfieaf. pMjfbI (gurmuKI) dI sB qoN pihlI awKr bxqr sMn 1845 ivc luiDafxy dy iesfeI pfdrIaF ny iqafr kIqI sI. iehnF vwloN hI sMn 1846 ivc pMjfbI dI pihlI pusqk CfpyKfny ivc CpI sI. iPr iesy qrkIb ƒ aml ivc ilafAuNidaF BfeI hIrf nMd ny lhOr qoN CfpfKfnf cflU kIqf qy bhuq sfry hor suDfr krky sMn 1887 ivc gurbfxI dI CpfeI ÈurU kIqI. awj BfvyN bhuq pRkfr ky suMdr pMjfbI awKr vyKy jf skdy hn, ieh ÈurUafqI kfrj, iesfeI pRcfrkF ny hI kIqy sn. gurU nfnk sfihb jI ny ivcfr nvyN nvykly idwqy hn, pr mhfvrf (smJfAux df ZMg) pMjfbI ihMdU pOrfxk rMg vflf hY. sfƒ shI smJ qdoN pYNdI hY, jdoN gurbfxI df gihrfeI nfl icMqn krdy hF. iewk QfvyN gurU jI bRhmf dI pRsMsf krdy pRqIq ho rhy hn. Ausy Èbd ivc jF iksy hor pMny qy bRhmf dIaF mMd krqUqF ƒ nMgf kr rhy huMdy hn. iksy hor QfvyN axigxq bRhmy afK ky AusdI hsqI ƒ kwKoN hOlf kr rhy huMdy hn. aKIr ies nqIjy qy pucf idMdy hn ik bRhmy afid hsqIaF inrI kpol klpnf hn, iehnF dI koeI hoNd nhIN hY. iewk inrMkfr hI srbklf smrwQ hY. jdoN lokfeI df hflI mfnisk ivkfs muwZly pVfa AuWqy sI qdoN ieh pOrfxk gRMQ ilKy gey sn. awj iehnF dI sfzy jIvn ivc koeI agFhvDU dyx nhIN hY.

smyN dy Pyr nfl ‘‘ENm`` qoN bdlky ‘‘EaMkfr`` bixaf. iPr ies ƒ Aucfrx dIaF ivDIaF leI iswiKaf idwqI jfx lwgI. AupRMq awKF mIt ky smfDI siQq ho ky, pRvfr iqafg ky, iËMmyvfrIaF qoN mUMh moV ky, ies ‘‘kilafxkfrI EaMkfr`` dy jfp gUMjx lwg pey. iesy avsQf ivc glqfn hoey ieQoN dy jnsmUMh ƒ smyq AuhnF dy Drm muKIaF dy, gulfmI dIaF jMËIrF ivc jkV ilaf igaf. lwgBg iewk hËfr sfl qwk ieh duKdfeI gulfmI glHoN nhIN lwQI. gurU nfnk sfihb jI ny zUMGf muqfilaf kIqf qy afpxy vwloN inrMkfr dI hsqI ƒ pRgtfAux vfly, EaMkfr dy agyqr ivc ‘‘ÃÄ `` (iek) lf idwqf. ijvyN ihMduU sfDUaF ny EaMkfr dy arQ ‘‘qIndyv`` ivc plt ley sn, agr gurU jI awgy ‘‘eykf`` nf lfAuNdy, iewk qF iswK mwq ihMdU mwq qoN vwKrf ho hI nhIN skxf sI. dUjf smF pf ky iswK ivdvfnF ny muV AuhI glqI krnI sI, bRhmf, ivȃ aqy iÈv vflI iqwkVI dI AusqqI. gurU nfnk sfihb ny EaMkfr dy awgy ‘‘eykf`` nhIN lfieaf blik iqMn ÈkqIÈflI muZly ihMdU dyviqaF df Kfqmf kr idwqf hY. cl rhI iksy mfmUlI rIq ƒ qoVn vfly qy lokF df guwsf iBafnk rUp aKiqafr kr jFdf hY. ieh qF hY eI ihMdUaF dIaF muZlIaF mnOqF dy jVIN kuhfVf Pyrn vflI gwl. Auh BI awj qoN sYNkVy sfl pihlF jdoN aijhI nvyklI ivcfr CyqI kIqy iksy dy sMG Qwly Auqrn dy cfns mfmUlI hox. jy ‘‘qIndyv`` dI hwiqaf ho geI iPr iehnF pYdf kIqy gey avqfrF dy ijMdf rihx dy koeI afsfr nhIN. rfm, ikRÈn, ivȃ dy avqfr pRcfry BI gey. ivȃ nf irhf qF ivcfry Aus qoN pYdf hoey bfkI awT avqfr BI
gey. rfm cMdr nf irhf qF rfmfiex dI kQf ikQy rhygI ? rfvx dI lMkf df sVnf, dusihry vfly idn iqMn lMkf vfsI rfijaF dy pUqly sfVny, mUrKqf BfsygI. idvflI iPr iks KuÈI ivc mnfeI jfeygI ? jy rfm suKI sFdI aXuiDaf vfips afAuNdf nf ivKfieaf igaf KrbF rupY df vpfr Twp ho ky rih jfvygf. ivȃ dI axhoNd ivc ikRÈn qF iPr jMm hI nhIN skygf. ikAuNik ieh ivȃ df hI avqfr sI. iPr awgoN mhFBfrq df jMg ijs ivc ikRÈn muwK BUimkf inBfAuNdf hY, Aus df kI bxygf? arjx ƒ AupdyÈ dy ky jMg leI iqafr krn, hOslf Brn vflI gIqf
ikvyN ilKI jfvygI ? [[[[[[[

EaMkfr dy awgy ‘‘ÃÄ `` (eykf) ilKx dy bVy zUMGy qy ivrft arQ hn. ijnHF ƒ hflI smiJaf nhIN igaf. ijs idn iswKF ƒ isrP ‘‘ÃÄ `` dy arQ smJ af gey, smJ lE Aus idn ‘‘igafn dI hnHyrI`` vg pvygI. qmfm dyvIaF dyviqaF df Psqf vwiZaf jfvygf. ijMny lokIN rwb dy nF qy dukfnF KohlIN bYTy hn, Aus idn iehnF dIaF dukfnF bMd ho jfxgIaF. sfry vihm-Brm kwKF kfinaF vFg AuWz jfxgy. iswK pMQ Ausy idn qoN ihMdUaF nfloN vwKrf ho jfvygf, ‘‘inrol Kflsf, vwKrI kOm``. gurU gRMQ ivc jdoN rfg bdldf hY, bfxIkfr bdldf hY, qF afm krky AuQy hI mMgl iliKaf imldf hY. mMgl qoN pihlF hr vfrI ‘‘ÃÄ `` ËrUr lwigaf hoieaf hY. afE iewk vfrI mMglF qy qrdI ijhI nËr mfr leIey -

(A) ÃÄ siqnfmu krqf purKu inrBAu inrvYru akfl mUriq ajUnI sYBM gurpRsfid ..

ieh pUrf srUp bIVF ivc qyqI (33) vfr iliKaf imldf hY.

(a) ÃÄ siqnfmu krqf purKu gur pRsfid .. ieh srUp awT vfrI afieaf hY.

(e) ÃÄ siqnfmu gurpRsfid .. ieh srUp do vfrI afieaf hY.

(s) ÃÄ siqgur pRsfid .. ieh srUp pMj sO pwcI (525) vfr afieaf hY. sfry rUpF ivcly mMglF df kuwl joV 525+2+8+33 568

hux Ërf iDafn nfl soco! pMj sO aTfhT vfrI mMgl qoN pihlF eykf (ÃÄ ) ilKxf gurU jI Buwly nhIN. bfr bfr cyqy krvf rhy hn ; iswKo ! ijs EaMkfr dI mYN gwl kr irhf hF, Auh ihMdU mwq vflI ‘‘qIn dyv mUrqI`` nhIN hY. myry EaMkfr qoN pihlF jo eykf lwigaf hoieaf hY, Auh iqRkVI ƒ Kqm krn leI hY. EaMkfr dy arQ nfsmJI kfrn bdl skdy hn. ihMdisaF vfly ‘‘ÃÄ`` dy arQ do, iqMn nhIN ho skxgy. pr mUrKqf dI isKr dyKo ik bhuigxqI iswK styjF qy gurbfxI dI hËUrI ivc nfÈvfn qy rwd kIqy jf cuwky dyvI dyviqaF dIaF khfxIaF hr roË suxfeIaF jf rhIaF hn. iswK ÈklF vfly, inwq rwbI bfxI ƒ mwQf tykx vfly ieh kUVH khfxIaF bVI ‘‘ÈrDf`` nfl sux BI rhy hn qy styj qoN JUT pRcfr krn vfly ƒ afpxI KUn-psIny vflI kmfeI arpx BI krI jf rhy hn. DMn ÈrDf, DMn iswKI.

awj ivwidaf dy psfr df, igafn df, rfkt qy kMipAUtr df juwg hY. hr kMm ivc iensfn awgy nfloN hËfrF guxf qyË ho igaf hY. iewkIvIN sdI ivc pRvyÈ krky gurbfxI pVHnI, ivcfrnI bhuq afsfn ho geI hY. sI[ zIË[ rfhIN jF ieMtrnYWt rfhIN iksy smyN, iksy QF gurbfxI ivcfrI jf skdI hY. koiÈÈ krn qy jy Kud pfT krn lwg gey qF bhuq sfry arQ-Bfv afpxy afp smJ afAux lwg pYNdy hn. gurU nfnk sfihb dI bfxI ƒ gurU aMgd sfihb afpxy ZMg nfl smJfAuNdy hn. gurU amrdfs jI Ausy nfnk bfxI dI hor ivafiKaf krdy hn. gurU arjn sfihb jI mfno gurU nfnk ƒ puwC puwC ky hI Èbd ilK rhy hn. gurbfxI df qwqsfr smJx vfly lMmf smF gurbfxI dy sMpfdn kfrj pUry krn vfly BfeI gurdfs jI jdoN afpxI rcnf vfrF qy kibwq ilK ky iswK jigafsUaF awgy rwKdy hn, qF Ausdf bhuqf ihwsf suqy iswD smJ af jFdf hY. gurU nfnk sfihb jI qoN BI bhuq pihlF ho cuwky bfbf ÈyK PrId jI TyT qy Tuwkdfr pMjfbI boldy, ilKdy hn, Jwt smJ af jFdI hY. ibnF tIkf (arQ) krn qoN bfxI smJ ivc pY rhI hY. pr isry df duKdfeI pihlU ieh hY ik jo arQ ivcfr vfly tIky ilKy gey hn AuhnF ƒ smJx leI iPr hor tIky dI loV pYNdI hY. tIkfkfr arQ krn lwgdy hn, pr gurU dI mUl Bfvnf qoN ikqy dUr lY jFdy hn. iehnF ivcoN bhuqy ilKfrI ihMdU mq vflf ‘‘pOrfxk kcrf`` afpxy nfl hI cuwkI rwKdy hn. gurbfxI dI suqMqr ivafiKaf qy iPlfsPI inrDfrq krn dI QF ‘‘vYidk iPlfsPI qy pOrfxk rMg`` ivc zob idMdy hn. BfeI gurdfs jI qoN ibnF jdoN kdI gurbfxI dI tIkfkfrI ivc iksy ny mfarkf mfiraf hY, Auhnf ivcoN pihlf nfm iprQI cMd dy poqry, myhrbfn dy puwqr (gurU rfmdfs jI dI aMÈbMs ivcoN) hirjI df afAuNdf hY. siqgurU jI dI igafn god ivc rihMidaF gurU aMÈ huMidaF BI ieh ÈÉs aBfgf hI irhf. hirjI ny vYidk mwq ƒ AuWcf qy gurmq ƒ Cotf krky ivKfieaf. jF ieAuN kih leIey ik smfjk qy ipqrI prBfv ƒ Auh iqafg nf sikaf. ies leI jdoN Aus ny (hirjI) gurbfxI df tIkf kIqf qF hor anyk glqIaF dy nfl nfl muwK glqI ieh kIqI ik Aus ny afpxI poQI ivcoN (ÃÄ) ƒ pUrI qrHF vgfh mfiraf. Bfv ik ÃÄ poQI ivc hY hI nhIN. Ausny sfrf mMglf crn Cwz idwqf qy arQ ‘‘ afid scu jugfid scu`` (slok) qoN ÈurU kIqy. ikAuNik ÃÄ dy arQ krn lwigaF ihMdU dyviqaF dI iqkVI df Bog pfAuxf pYxf sI. ijnHF ihMdU sfDUaF afid ny Aus ƒ cuwk cukf ky gurU Gr df ÈrIk bxfieaf sI, Auh AuhnF ƒ nfrfË ikvyN kr skdf sI ? iesy kfrx hirjI ny afpxI cmVI BI bcf leI qy afpxy sfQIaF ƒ KuÈ BI kr ilaf. sfrf mMglf crn hI Cwz idwqf, ‘‘ÃÄ`` dy arQ nF krky ‘‘qIn dyv`` ƒ bcf ilaf.

sMn 1842 ivc iewk sfDU mUlf rfm ny jpujI df tIkf kIqf sI. bRhmf, ibÈn qy iÈv vflI iqkVI ƒ Auh ikvyN qoV skdf sI ? so Ausny BI hirjI vflf sOKf rfh apxfieaf. Ausny
‘ÃÄ`` ƒ Cwz idwqf qy arQ siqnfm qoN ÈurU kr idwqy. sMn 1874 ivc sR: aqr isMG BdOV ny jpujI dy arQF bfbq AurdU ivc koiÈÈ kIqI. ieh BfeI jI BI ‘‘ÃÄ`` ƒ lFBy Cwz ky siqnfm qy jf puwjy. gurU dI ivcfrDfrf tuwtdI jfvy byÈwk, iswK smfj kurfhy pY jfvy byÈwk, pr ‘‘jgq gurU`` bRfhmx nfrfË nhIN hoxf cfhIdf. sMn 1876 ivc ibhfrI lfl ny jpu pRmfrQ nfmI tIkf kIqf. jdoN iswK ivdvfn ‘ÃÄ`` dy arQ krnoN Qr Qr kMbdy hn qF ivcfrf ibhfrI lfl ÃÄ dy arQ krn vrgf ‘‘bjr pfp`` ikAuN kry ? so ies ny BI siqnfm qoN arQ ÈurU kIqy. sMn 1877 ivc iewk XorpIn ivdvfn zf[ trMp ny, jpujI df ieMgilÈ ivc AulQf kIqf. jo tIky pihlF ho cuwky sn, AuhnF qoN hI syD pRfpq kridaF pihly ilKfrIaF dy nfl kdm imlf ky clidaF ies gory ny BI tIkf krnf siqnfm qoN arMiBaf. sMn 1885 ivc iswK rfijaF vwloN mfieaf pf ky iewk ivdvfn ‘‘pMizqF`` dI kmytI bxfeI geI, jo pMizq bdn isMG dI rihnumfeI ivc smuwcy gurU gRMQ sfihb df tIkf iqafr krn lwgI. kpUrQly vfly kMvr ibkrm isMG dI isPfrÈ aqy sihXog skdf pRo[ gurmuwK isMG jI BI iehnF ‘‘ivdvfnF`` dIaF goÈtIaF ivc Èfiml hox lwgy. pr kuJ hI idnF dy aMdr ivigank nËrIey nfl prKx dy afdI pRo: gurmuwK isMG ny iehnF dI sfrI kfrguËfrI prK leI aqy ies ivdvfn mMzlI ivcoN bfhr ho gey. bfkI dy bRfhmx ivdvfnF vwloN iswKF ƒ KUb mUrK bxfieaf igaf. ies PrIdkotI tIky dI bolI BI ‘‘hmko qumko`` vflI hY. ies tIky ivc ihMdU mnOqF, dyvI dyviqaF aqy pOrfxk kQfvF dI Brmfr hY. mMglf crn dy arQ kridaF keI pwqry kfly kIqy gey pr mnuwKI mn dy iksy Kfny ivc koeI gwl dfKl nhIN ho skdI.

sMn 1899 ivc anMd Gn ny jpujI df tIk kIqf. Aus ny qF Èrm hXf hI lfh idwqI qy iswK ivdvfnF ny Aus ƒ vkq isr KrIaF BI nhIN suxfeIaF. Aus Bwdr purK ny ‘‘ÃÄ`` dy arQ krn ivc sB ƒ pCfV idwqf. arQ kIqy :- ‘‘EaM ÈRI gxyÈh nmX``. jpujI dy krIb 150 tIky ho cuwky hn. hr iewk ilKfrI ÃÄ dy arQ krn lwigaF Gbrfieaf hY, qoV mroV ky arQ kIqy hn. iBMzrF tksfl vfly ig: gurbcn isMG ny jo ivdvqf dy JMzy gwzy hn, pVHky Èrm nfl isr Juk jFdf hY. sfrIaF ibprI rIqF iswKF dI KoprI ivc quMn idwqIaF hn. ies qrHF ieh tIkfkfrI df ivkfs krm kIVI dI tor turdf irhf. pRo: gurmuwK isMG ny kuJ muwZly jqn kIqy. BfeI kfhn isMG nfBf ƒ ÈurU dy idnF ivc shI rfh qy ilafAux vflf pRo: gurmuwK isMG hI sI. BfeI rxDIr isMG ny ivafkrx bfry kuJ muZlf kMm kIqf sI. pRo: qyjf isMG dy ivdvfn sfQI bfvf hirikÈn isMG, ipRM: inrMjx isMG, pRo: nrfiex isMG aqy mfstr mihqfb isMG jI ny swcfeI dy nyVy ivigafnk nukqf-ey-nËr qoN iewk tIkf iqafr kIqf jo 1945 qoN cfr ihwisaF ivc Cpdf af irhf hY. iesy hI smyN duhrfn iswK pMQ dy DrU qfry, drvyÈ guriswK pRo: sfihb isMG zI[ ilt[ ny ivafkrx dy nymF muqfbk tIkf kIqf. ieh bhuq vwzf kfrj sI. ijs ivc sfihb isMG jI ny gurmq ƒ pUrI qrHF inKfrky pyÈ krn df jqn kIqf. dlIl df pwlf PiVaf, aMD-ivÈvfsI khfxIaF sfrIaF rwd kr idwqIaF. ieh mukMml tIkf iewko ivakqI vwloN kIqf igaf. pihlf Èfndfr kfrj sI, jo ds ijldF aqy awT hËfr pMinaF ivc PYilaf hoieaf sI. pihlI vfrI sfihb isMG jI ny ‘‘ÃÄ`` smyq sfrI gurbfxI dy pVHx, smJx aqy mMnxXog arQ kIqy sn. iehnF ny ipCly sfry tIkfkfrF ƒ vfps Gro GrIN pucf idwqf.

dunIaf Br dy Dfrmk muKIaF ny rwb df srUp ibafn krn leI ihMdisaF dI ikqy vrqoN nhIN kIqI, isrP gurU nfnk jI ny ies qrHF kIqf hY. mnuwK kudrqI afPqF qoN BY-BIq hoieaf, ijvyN awg, hvf, pfxI afid qoN. DrqI, cMd, sUrj dI BI pUjf cwl peI. pÈU, pMCI, bnspqI, ruwKF, pwQrF dI pUjf hoeI. smF bIqx nfl rwb ƒ Kud jnm lYNdf klp ilaf igaf. ies qrHF iewk krqfr dI QF, iqMn dyvqy, 24 avqfr qoN vwD ky qyqI kroV dyviqaF qwk igxqI puwj geI. sqMbr mhIny 1995 ƒ ivÈv iswK sMmyln aMimRqsr ivKy hoieaf. pMQk muwidaF bfry iewksfrqf ilafAux vfsqy aYWs[ jI[ pI[ sI[ dy pRbMDkF vwloN zyrydfrF aqy tksfl vfilaF ƒ bfr bfr bynqI kIqI geI ik rwb df vfsqf jy ‘‘iswK rihq mirafdf`` pRvfn kr lE. zyrydfrF dI iewko byqukI rwt sI ik kmytI mMglf crn ƒ ‘‘nfnk hosI BI scu`` qwk pRvfn kr lvy, asIN mirafdf mMn
lvFgy. gwlbfq ieQy hI tuwt geI.

axjfx pRcfrkF aqy KudgrË zyrydfrF vwloN mMglF ƒ mUl mMqr afK ky pRcfiraf jFdf hY. jdoN ik gurbfxI df koeI ihwsf, Èbdf, pMkqI mMqr nhIN hY, gurU df AupdyÈ hY. mMqr ivc AupdyÈ nhIN hoieaf krdf, ies leI sfDk igafn qoN swKxf rih jFdf hY. mMqr jfp kridaF BI mnuwKF ƒ Btkidaf afm vyK skdy hF. gurbfxI ivc siqgurU dy AupdyÈ ƒ hI ‘‘hukm, nfm, Bfxf, rËf`` afiKaf igaf hY isrP ÈbdF df hI adl bdl hY. nfm jF mMqr bfry gurU Purmfx pVHo :-

1[ hir rsu pIvhu purK igafnI..

suix suix mhf iqRpiq mnu pfvY sfDU (gurU) ‘‘aMimRq bfnI``.. (611)

2[ Gir suiK visaf bfhir suKu pfieaf..khu nfnk ‘‘guir mMquR`` idRVfieaf.. (1136)

3[ ‘‘bIj mMqRu`` hir kIrqn gfAu.. afgY imlI inQfvy QfAu.. (891)

4[ ibnu ijhvf jo jpyY ihafie.. koeI jfxY kYsf nfAu.. (1256)

5[ ‘‘bIj mMqR`` srb ko igafn.. chu vrnf mih jpY koAU ‘‘nfmu``.. (suKmnI)N

6[ sc ibn squ sMqoKu n pfvY.. ibnu gur mukiq n afvY jfvY..

‘‘mUl mMqRu hir nfm rsfiexu`` khu nfnk pUrf pfieaf.. (1040)

7[ sunq jpq hir nfm jsu qfkI dUir blfeI..

‘‘mhf mMquR nfnk kQY hir ky gux gfeI..``(814)

8[ srb suKf suKu sfcf eyhu..‘‘gurAupdysu`` mnY mih lyhu.. (178)

AuWpr vrixq sfry pRmfxF ivc gwl krn df aMdfË vwKo-vwKrf hY, mUl jF incoV iewko hI hY. Auh hY gurU dy hukm ivc jIvn bqIq krnf. gurU df hukm gurbfxI ivcoN pRfpq ho irhf hY. gur mMqR, mUl mMqR, bIj mMqR qy mhF mMqR vfly sfry pRmfx pfTkF dy sfhmxy rwKy hn, inrxf qusIN Kud kr skdy ho.

Em jF EaMkfr nfloN pUrI qrHF qoV ivCoVf kridaF siqgurU sihbfn jI ny ies dy awgy ‘‘iewk`` (1) ilK ky spwÈt kr idwqf ik sfzf pOrfxk gRMQF vflf rwb nhIN hY. ijvyN inrMkfr df ihMdU pOrfxk gRMQF ivc hulIaf ivgfiVaf igaf hY, Aus ƒ pVHky roxf afAuNdf hY. iPr rwb ƒ jnm lY ky afAuNdf ilK idwqf igaf. DrqI AuWpr af ky AuhnF bxfvtI rwbF ny jo guwl iKlfey, mMd kfry kIqy, pVHidaF suxidaF Èrm nfl pfxI pfxI ho jfeIdf hY. gurU nfnk sfihb vwloN drsfieaf kuwl kfienfq ƒ pYdf krn vflf, pflxf krn vflf aqy sMGfr krn vflf isrP iewk inrMkfr hY. hor koeI Ausdf numfieMdf, ÈrIk jF krmcfrI nhIN hY. XhUdI, iesfeI qy muslmfn BI Ausy vfihd lf-ÈrIk iewko inrMkfr ƒ mMndy hn. afE gurbfxI ivcoN hor QfvF qoN vyKIey ik iewk inrMkfr bfry kI Purmfx hn :-

(1) n sUr sis mMzlo.. n spq dIp nh jlo.. aMn pAux iQr n kUeI..

eyk qUeI eyk qUeI.. n dyv dfnvf nrf.. n isD sfiDkf Drf..

asiq eyk idgir kUeI.. eyk qUeI eyk qUeI.. (143)

nf sUrj cMdrmF qy ggn mMzl iQr rhygf. nf sq dIp qy smuMdr rihxgy. aMn dfxf afidk sdIv nhIN hY. hy akfl purK jIAu, qUM sdIv hYN isrP iewk qUM hI sdIv hYN. nf dyvqy, nf dfnv, nf mnuwK sdf iQr hn. nf hI iswD jogI sfDk, nf hI DrqI dy rihx vflf koeI hor jIv amr hY. ieh sfry nfÈvfn hn. sdf iQr kyvl qUM hI qUM hYN.

(2) sfihb myrf eyko hY, eyko hY BeI eyko hY.. (arQ spÈt hI hn) (350)

(3) khu kbIr jin eyko bUiJaf.. gur pRsfid mY sB ikC sUiJaf.. (476)

(4) eyk ipqf eyks ky hm bfirk qU myrf gurhfeI.. (611)

(5) pRfn aDfr mIq sfjn pRB, ‘‘eykY eykMkfrY``..

sB qy AUc Tfkuru nfnk kf bfr bfr nmskfrY.. (1218)

(6) kIqf ikaf slfhIaY ijsu jfdy iblm n hoeI..

‘‘inhclu scf eyku hY ‘‘gurmuiK bUJyY su inhclu hoeI.. (1088)

(7) byd kqyb sMsfr hBfhuUM bfhrf.. nfnk kf pfiqsfh idsY jfhrf.. (397)

(8) mihmf n jfnih byd.. bRhmy nhI jfnyY Byd..

avqfr n jfnih aMqu.. prmysru pfrbRhm byaMqu.. (894)

(9) jf ko nfm hY ajonI , kYsy kY jnm lIn, khf jfn bRq,

jnm astmI ko kIno hY? (Bf[ gu)

AuWpr vrixq sfry prmfxF ivc rwb jI dI ÈÉsIaq byaMq AuWcI pRgt ho rhI hY. Aus dy guxF qy Aus bfry igafn hfsl krnf hY nf ik Ausdy PrËI nfvF df mMqr jfp krnf hY. jdoN ipCly simaF ivc axpVHqf pRDfn sI. sfry ipMz ivcoN koeI ivrlf do awKr pVH skx vflf lwBdf sI, Aus vkq mMqr jfp, mMglf crn jfp, vfihgurU jfp, mflf jfp aqy hor keI qrHF dy rMg brMgy jfp iewk mjbUrI sI. gurbfxI dIaF poQIaF dI kmI, grIbI, axpVHqf, sMcfr sfDnF dI axhoNd. awj mnuwK  qyËI nfl qrwkI kr irhf hY. ieh mMqr jfp bIqy jug dIaF rvfieqF hn. bRfhmx pujfrI cfhuMdf sI ik lokF ƒ kdI akl nf afvy. ieh ByzF bxky pujfrIaF dy ipwCy lwgy rihx. jo kuJ JUT jF swc pujfrI boly Aus ƒ ‘‘sq bcn`` afK ky svIkfr krdy rihx.

ihMdU pOrfxk gRMQF ivc ilKqF mOjUd hn ik prmyÈr iswDf iksy ƒ nhIN imldf. ieh

dyviqaF dy aDIn hY. qusIN dyviqaF dI lMmf smF kTn afrfDnf kro qF pqf lwgygf dyvqy mMqrF dy aDIn hn. jfnI mMqr jfpF nfl vs ivc afAuNdy hn. mMqr bRfhmxF kol hn, ies leI syvkF ƒ cfhIdf hY ik Auh bRfhmx dI hr pRkfr nfl syvf krn. ho skdf hY dyviqaF df dyvqf, BgvfnF df Bgvfn, mMqrF df mhF mMqr, bRfhmx kdI imhrbfn ho ky aÈIrvfd dy

dyvy qy syvk ƒ dunIaF dy sfry suwK ibnF imhnq kIiqaF iml jfx ? gurbfxI ny ies pfKMz jfl ƒ qfr qfr kr idwqf. iswDy akfl purK nfl hr pRfxI mfqr ƒ joV idwqf. sfry mMqr, sfry pujfrI, sfry dyvqy ‘‘ÃÄ`` dy iewko Jtky nfl Jtk ky suwt idwqy.

BfvyN agyqr ivc ‘‘1`` (iewk) ilK ky gurU jI ny EaMkfr dy iqMn dyvF vflI iqRkVI df Kfqmf kIqf hY. pr ieAuN pRqIq huMdf hY ik ‘‘EaMkfr`` Èbd pOrfxk gRMQF ivcoN sfzy gl af ipaf hY. asl ivc ieh AUVf KuwlHy mUMh vflf (E) sI. ies dy awgy eykf lfky jdoN afm pMjfbI ivc Aucfrx krFgy qF bxygf - ‘‘ieko`` (1+E) ieh ‘‘kfr vflf bRfhmx`` iswKF dy ipwCy icpk igaf hY. ies ‘‘EaMkfr`` ƒ Auqfr ky ‘‘ieko`` ƒ apxf ky hI iswK pMQ vYidk pRMprfvF qoN mukq ho skygf. pVHo gur Purmfx -

hir ieko krqf ieku ieko dIbfxu hir..

hir ieksY df hY amru ieko hir iciq Dir..

hir iqsu ibnu koeI nfih, zru BRm BAu dUir kir..

hir iqsY no sflfih ij quDu rKY bfhir Gir..

hir ijs no hoie dieaflu so hir jip BAu ibKmu qir.. (83)

ies qIn dyv dI iqkVI aqy mMqr jfp ƒ gloN lfh ky, iswK smfj gurbfxI ƒ smJ ivcfr ky, aMqr aqy nhIN vsfAuNdf AuqnI dyr hnHyrf hI rhygf. gurbfxI anusfr sfrf jIvn ibqfAuxf hI, aslI ismrx jF mMqr hY. hor koeI vwKrf mMqr jfp nf smJI df lKfiek hY, mUrKqf df pwkf sbUq. ‘‘ieko`` bfry kuJ hor gur Purmfx ieAuN hn :-

afpy ptI klm afip Aupir lyKu iB qUM.. ‘‘eyko`` khIaY nfnkf dUjf kfhy kU.. (1291)

‘‘eyko`` igafnu iDafnu Duin bfxI.. ‘‘eyk`` inrflmu akQ khfxI..

‘‘eyko`` sbd scf nIsfxu.. pUry gur qy jfxY jfxu..

‘‘eyko`` Drmu idRVY scu koeI.. gurmiq pUrf juig juig hoeI.. (1188)

‘‘eyko`` sbdu eyko pRBu vrqY sB ‘‘eyks`` qy Auqpiq clY..

nfnk gurmuiK myil imlfey gurmuiK hir hir jfie rlY.. (1334)

‘‘eyko`` jpIaY mnY mfih ‘‘ieks`` kI srxfie..
‘‘ieks`` isAu kir iprhVI dUjI nfhI jfie..

‘‘ieko`` dfqf mMgIaY sBu ikCu plY pfie..
min qin sfis igrfis pRBu ‘‘ieko ieku`` iDafie..

‘‘eyks`` qy sBu dUjf huaf.. ‘‘eyko`` vrqY avru n bIaf..

dUjy qy jy ‘‘eyko`` jfxyY.. gur kY sbid hir dir nIsfxY..

siqguru Byty qf ‘‘eyko`` pfey.. ivchu dUjf Tfik rhfey.. (842)

spÈt hoieaf ik Kflsf pMQ dy ÈrDfvfn mYNbrF df ‘‘Em`` nfl iswDf koeI lYx dyx nhIN hY. ‘‘EaMkfr`` Em df hI bdlvF rUp hY. koiÈÈ krky ies ƒ ‘‘ieko`` (1E) pRmfqmf pRclq kr deIey. hF ies df mMqr jfp nfl koeI srokfr nhIN. ies df srokfr hY iewk inrMkfr nfl. bRfhmx vwloN klpI geI ‘‘qIndyv jF cOvI avqfr`` vflI ivcfrDfrf nfl gurbfxI df kuJ lYxf dyxf nhIN hY. ipwCy bIqy simaF ivc mMqr jfp leI BuwlV iensfn jMglF guPfvF ivc cly jFdy sn. mOjUdf smyN ivc GrF ivc hI gurU grMQ sfihb ƒ gurU mMn ky BI iswK smfj Qok ivc mMqr jfp krdf pRqwK vyiKaf jf skdf hY. aKMz pfT, sMpt pfT, ibnF suxy ivcfry pfT, qoqf rtnI vfly inwqnym, Èbd isDI pfT, vfihgurU mMqr jfp aMnHI ÈrDf qoN isvfey hor kuJ BI nhIN hY. ieqnf ku smF gurbfxI dy arQ pVHn leI, ieiqhfs pVHn leI, sMsfr dy ivdvfnF vwloN iliKaf AuWqm sfihq pVHn leI agr kwZ leIey qF aMqr igafn df icrfg lt lt krdf bl pvygf. ivakqI df inwjI jIvn, pirvfirk jIvn qy smuwcy pMQ dI kfieaf hI plt jfvygI. iPr asIN shI mfihinaF ivc iswK, isMG, Kflsy jF gurmuK aKvfAux dy aslI hwkdfr hovFgy. kI awj qoN hI kOm nfloN qoV ivCoVf krky ‘‘iewk`` nfl sFJ pfAux dI ÈurUafq kr skogy ? hY ihMmq ?

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