siqgurU nfnk sfihb jI ƒ jo akflpurK vloN mnuKqf dy kilafx
leI, syvf sONp ky Byijaf igaf, Auh kfrj bVf lfsfnI sI, dUrgfmI sI aqy krFqIkfrI
sI. afpxI swqr ku sfl dI srIrI Aumr ivwc jo kMm kIqy Auh sdIaF ivwc BI hoxy sMBv
nhIN sn. afpxy prcfry aqy ilKy ivwcfrF ƒ ieko jIvn ivwc lfgU kIqf jfxf sMBv
nhIN sI. ikAuNik rog ieqnf iBafnk sI ik jy ies BfrqI kOm dI qbfhkun avsQf ƒ
pujidaF keI hËfr sfl lwgy sn, qF arog hox vfsqy BI sdIaF dI BivKmuKI rUp ryKf
AulIkxI pYxI sI. gurU nfnk sfihb jI ny iËMdgI dy hr pihlU bfry BrpUr cfnxf
pfieaf hY. AuhnF afpxy srbwq dy Bly vfly isDFq, gurbfxI rfhIN sMBfl ky gurU aMgd
sfihb jI dy hvfly kr idqy. hor aijhy bhuq sfry kMm BI hoxgy, ijnF ƒ ilKq ivwc
ilafAuxf ËrUrI nhIN smiJaf igaf, Auh jbfnI smJf idqy gey. ieh Xfd rhy ik ‘‘afËfdI``
Èbd qoN smyN dI hr srkfr qRihMdI hY. koeI kOm mnuKF df smUMh, ipMz Èihr
agr kih dyvy ‘‘asIN hr hflq ivwc afËfdI pRfpq krky rhFgy``. smyN dI
hkUmq (rfj ÈkqI) Aus AuT rhI afvfË ƒ sfrI qfkq lfky kucl dyvygI. vwzy qoN
vwzf jbr Zfhuxf pvy qF BI sMkoc nhIN krygI. sQfpq DrmF ivwc afeI igrfvt ƒ, jy
koeI vMgfry qF smyN dy Drm muKIaF ƒ kdI BI pRvfn nhIN hovygf. pujfrI lok Boly
lokF dI luwt krky hI ‘‘suKF BrI iËMdgI bqIq kr rhy huMdy hn.`` Auh
ikvyN brdfsq kr skdy hn, ik AuhnF vloN kIqy jf rhy ‘‘Dfrmk`` kMmF ƒ
koeI glq afKy. afpxI sfrI ‘‘Drm ÈkqI`` vrqky, ieh bfhroN inry ‘‘gAU``
nËr afAuNdy lok, jrf ku hwQ lfAux qy BUqry hoey sfhn vFg KOrU
pfAuNdy hn. isMgF qy cuwk lYNdy hn, pYrF hyT ilqfV sutdy hn. ivwcfrI BolI BflI
jMqf iehnF ƒ vyKidaf hI lMimaF pY zMzAuq bMdnf dI muwdrf ivwc clI jFdI hY.``
gurU nfnk sfihb jI ny ijwQy pfvn bfxI rfhIN, ilKqI Aupdys idqy, krFqIkfrI BgqF
dI bfxI ƒ sMBflky afpxy nfl Èfiml kIqf, AuQy bhuq sfry jbfnI AupdyÈ BI sn.
Auh ies leI ikqy ‘‘prjf pflk bfdÈfh`` nfl isDI twkr nf ho jfvy. ikqy
iksy ‘‘Drmfqmf purs`` ƒ pRyÈfnI nf ho jfvy. sMkoc krn dy bfvjUd BI
gurU nfnk sfihb jI ny bhuq kuJ ‘‘swco swc`` kih idqf sI.
gurU aMgd sfihb jI ny Ausy kfrj ƒ pUrI iÈwdq dy nfl awgy
vDfieaf. gurU amrdfs jI ny afpxI iËMmyvfrI bfKUbI inBfAuNidaF ies lihr ƒ hor
pRcMz kIqf. gurU rfmdfs sfihb jI ny iKlry ibKry smfj ƒ, joVn vfsqy, hor bhuq
sfry kilafxkfrI kMm kIqy. AuQy nfl hI iswKF leI ‘‘rfjDfnI`` cwk rfm dfs
(aMimRqsr) BI kfiem kr idqI. cOhF gurUaF aqy prAupkfrI BgqF df sfrf ivrsf,
siqgurU arjn sfihb ƒ pRfpq hoieaf. ies Kjfny ƒ AuhnF suXog qrIky vrqxf BI sI,
aqy ies ivwc hor bhuqsfrf vfDf BI krnf sI. smF bIqx nfl ijMnf igafn vDdf jfvygf,
ieiqhfs dy Cupy (jF jfx buwJ ky Cupfey) qwQ sfhmxy afAuxgy, qF siqgurU jI dI
ÈÉsIaq hor siqkfr pRfpq krygI. ijAuN ijAuN gurbfxI ivwcly ‘‘krFqIkfrI
qwqF`` dI ivigafnk njrIey qoN, awj dy hflfq ƒ sfhmxy rwKky, arQ ivafiKaf
kIqI jfvygI, qdoN siqgurU jI dy crnf qy, hor siqkfr nfl isr Jukygf. ijvyN ijvyN
ieiqhfskfr ies lfsfnI ÈhIdI dy kfrn prKxgy, Auh siqgurU jI dI jY jY kfr krnoN
rih nhIN skxgy. iksy vkq ilKfrIaF, pRcfrkF ƒ srmsfr BI hoxf pY skdf hY, ik jo
kuwJ Auh siqgurU jI ƒ smJdy rhy hn, Auh qF AuhnF dI iËMdgI df iek Cotf ijhf
aMg sI. siqgurU jI qF ies qoN bhuq mhfn sn.
ÈhIdI dy kfrn 1[ cMdU lfl :- pMcm gurdyv dI ÈhIdI df
kfrx kI scmuc iek mfmUlI ijhf iensfn cMdU hI sI ? ieh ÈhIdI GrylU rMjs kfrn
hoeI mMnI jf skdI hY ? kI cMdU swcmuwc ieMnf qfkqvr aPsr sI ik Aus dy afKy
siqgurU ƒ qsIhy idqy jf skx qy moq dy Gft Auqfiraf jf sky ? bwicaf dy irÈqy
afm hI bxdy tUtdy rihMdy hn. ijQy irÈqf tuwt jfvy qF ies qrHf mslf mrn mfrn qk
puwj jFdf hY? afAu TMZy idmfg nfl socIey! vwzy dbdby vflI qfkqvr mugl hkUmq
ivwc, srkfr df iek mfmUlI ijhf krmcfrI cMdU lfl, kI Aus kol ieMny aiDkfr ho skdy
sn ik siqgurU jI ƒ aikh qsIhy dyvy ? asl gl qF ieh sI ik cMdU lfl srkfr df
hQTokf qy mfmUlI nOkr sI. srkfr vloN jo hukm idqf igaf, cMdU qF Ausy ƒ pUrf kr
irhf sI. Aus dI inwjI rMjs (irsqf tuwtx dI) ƒ srkfr vloN hvf idwqI geI. Auh ies
krky peI bdnfmI dI kflK cMdU dy mwQy lf idqI jfvy, afm lokI muglÈfhI ƒ byksUr
mMndy rihx. hF ieh BI TIk hY ik cMzfl cOkVI df tUl (hwQ Tokf) bxky cMdU ny lgdI
vfh vwzf julm kmfieaf sI. jhFgIr dy aPsrF ny, ihMdU iswKF ivwc nPrq Brn vfsqy
ieh cfl cwlI sI. ijs ivwc Auh bhuq hwd qwk sÌl irhf. bfd ivwc ieiqhfs ilKx vfly
sfry lyKk ies glq ibafnI df iÈkfr huMdy rhy. sB qoN iËafdf msflf lf ky pyÈ
kIqf BfeI sMqoK isMG ny. Ausdy gRMQ sUrj pRkfÈ dI kQf gurdvfiraF ivwc hox lwg
peI. bfkI sfrIaF GtnfvF dbf idqIaF geIaF. bs ieko cMdU lfl svfhI, afpy jwj, afpy
pulIs vflf qy Kud hI jlfd bx ky AuBr ipaf. jdoN ik ieh sfrf Gtnf cwkr scfeI df
Cotf ijhf ihsf hY, pUrI scfeI nhIN hY.
2[ Kusro dI bgfvq :- siqgurU jI dI ÈhIdI df dUjf iek
kfrn sI jhFgIr dy puwqr, Kusro dI bgfvq. iek smyN jhFgIr dIaF mnafeIaF, KrmsqIaF
aqy inq dI Èrfb qoN qMg af ky aksr ny rfj pRmuwK dI vfg zor, afpxy poqry Kusro
ƒ dyx df mn bxf ilaf sI. ies qoN mgroN jhFgIr ny afpxy afpƒ kfPI ‘‘suDfiraf``.
dUjy molvIaF aqy hor kwtV muslmfnF dIaF ‘‘syvfvF`` pRfpq kIqIaF.
AuhnF ƒ ivÈvfÈ duafieaf igaf ik ipqf jI vflI nrm nIqI ihMdUaF pRqI nhIN vrqI
jfvygI. kmjor jihnIaq dy mflk jhFgIr ƒ, bVI musikl nfl rfj pRfpq hoieaf sI.
iesy leI Ausny Èwk pYx qy, afpxy ivroDIaF ƒ kTor sjfvF idwqIaF. iehI TIk vkq
sI Kusro ƒ aqy nfl hI gurU arjn sfihb jI ƒ rfh ivwcoN htf dyxdf. Kusro ny rfj
pRfpqI vfsqy POjF iekwTIaF kIqIaF. jhFgIr ƒ rfj gwdI qy bYiTaF krIb iek mhInf
ho igaf sI, qdoN Kusro bfry jhFgIr awgy skfieq pyÈ hoeI. ‘‘aKy jdoN
rfjkumfr Kusro lhOr qy kbjf krn leI afieaf qF goieMdvfl ivKy gurU arjn sfihb ƒ
imilaf. ilKy muqfbk siqgurU jI ny sfiraF ƒ lMgr Ckfieaf. AuhnF dI cVHdI klf leI
‘‘aÈIrvfd`` idqI, mwQy ivwc itwkf lfieaf. kuJ rupY BI shfieqf leI
idwqy. jhFgIr ny ies dy hmfieqIaF ƒ Gyr ky pkV ilaf. sfiraF ƒ sKq qsIhy dy ky
mfr idwqf igaf. Kusro dIaF dovyN awKF kZvf idqIaF geIaF.`` Kusro bfry BfeI kfhn
isMG nFBf df Kfs not - ‘‘Kusro rfjf Bgvfn dfs dI puwqrI (Èfh bygm) dy Audr
qoN bfdÈfh jhFgIr df vwVf puwqr, jo sMn 1587 ivwc lhOr pYdf hoieaf. ieh ipqf
qoN bfgI ho ky lfhOr qy kbjf krn afieaf sI. ieQoN dy sUbydfr ny nfkfm kr idqf.
Kusro cnfb diraf dy iknfry PiVaf igaf. jhFgIr ny ies dy sfQIaF ƒ pRfx dMz
idwqf. Kusro dIaF awKf islvf (kZvf) idqIaF. ieh dyr qk kYd rihky sMn 1622 ivwc
miraf. mhfn koÈ pMnf-381, BfÈf ivBfg, Cfp-1981 Kfs iDafn dyx Xog gl ieh hY ik
jo jhFgIr, bVI byrihmI nfl afpxy puwqr qy BI julm kr skdf hY. awKF kZvfky kYd
Kfny ivwc sV mrn leI sutvf idMdf hY. Aus qoN siqgurU arjn sfihb nfl iensfP vfly
vqIry dI afs krnI bymfihnI hY.
Kusro dI shfieqf krn df ieljfm, gurU arjn sfihb qy lfieaf
igaf. sfrIaF vwzIaF GtnfvF vfpiraF iek mhInf bIq cuwikaf sI. Kusro ƒ sfQIaF
smyq sjf idwqI jf cuwkI sI. mOlfixaF ny ies vkq dI njfkq ƒ BFpidaF, gurU arjn
sfihb ivruD BI iÈkfieq kr idwqI. ‘‘aKy iehnF ny Kusro dI keI qrIikaF nfl
mwdq kIqI sI.`` jhFgIr ny afpxI rfjnIqk hukmF vflI zfierI ivwc ÈpÈt iliKaf sI
ik ‘‘(gurU) arjn nfm df iek kfPr, ibafs dy kMZy itikaf hoieaf sI. Auh afpxy
afp ƒ vlI aOlIaf aKvFdf sI. bhuq sfry ihMdU qy nfsmJ muslmfn, Ausdy pYrokfr bx
rhy sn. iehnF dI ieh JuT dI dukfn cfr pMj pIhVIaF qoN cldI af rhI sI. mYN dyr
qoN soc irhf sF ik iksy BI qrIky ieh JUT dI dukfn bMd krvfeI jfvy. jF iPr Ausƒ
afpxy Drm ivwc ilaFdf jfvy. jdoN mYƒ Èkfieq imlI ik iesny Kusro leI duaf
(ardfs) kIqI hY, qF mYN ies ƒ ‘‘Xfsf vf isafsq`` dy kfnUn anusfr, kql kr
dyx df hukm idwqf. iesdy mfl asbfb aqy bfl bwicaF ƒ murqjf Kfn (asl nfm ÈyK
PrId buKfrI lfhOr df gvrnr) dy hvfly krn df hukm idwqf.``
pihlI gl qF ieh iswD ho cukI hY ik jdoN Kusro goieMdvfl dy
pwqx qoN lMiGaf sI, qdoN gurU arjn sfihb qrnqfrn ivKy ÈÈobq sn. ardfs krn jF
itwkf lfAux dI gl df svfl hI muwk jFdf hY. lMgr gurU Gr ivwc koeI BI Ck jfvy
iksy ƒ rok nhIN hY. ieh pVqfl krnI sMBv hI nhIN hY ik kAux cor qy kOx Blf
iensfn hY. iPr keI sfl pihlF qIsry pfiqÈfh vkq akbr BI gurU drbfr ivwc afieaf
sI. Ausny afpxy sfry syvkF smyq lMgr Cikaf sI. jy Kusro dy sfQIaF ny lMgr Ck
ilaf qF koeI prlo nhIN af geI sI. ieh bhfny qF pYdf kIqy gey sn. iesdI aslIaq
dIaF jVF qF srhMd invfsI, kwtV Drm muKI nkÈ bMdI ieslfmk, aKfVy df afgU syK
aihmd srhMdI muËdd alPsfnI dI ilKq ivwcoN imldIaF hn. afpxI icwTI nMbr 47 qy
193 ivwc Auh afpxy aMdr dI nPrq aqy quasb ƒ Kuwl ky prgt krdf hY. iehnF icwTIaF
ivwc ÈyK aihmd sfP ilKdf hY ik ies ivakqI (gurU arjn) ƒ iksy bhfny iksy qrIky
Kqm kIqf jfvy, iesy ivwc ieslfm Drm df Blf hY. jhFgIr ny AuhI kIqf jo iesny
krvfieaf. jhFgIr ƒ ies kukrm qoN iksy qrIky brI nhIN kIqf jf skdf. BfvyN BVkfht
jF Èkfieq iksy ny kIqI pr PYslf krnf, pVqfl krfAuxI bfdÈfh dI ijMmyvfrI sI. jo
Ausny pUrI nhIN kIqI. sFqI dy puMj mhfn prAupkfrI siqgurU ƒ aiqaMq iBafnk qsIhy
dy ky ÈhId kr idqf igaf.
3[ ÈhIdI dy kuJ hor kfrx :- jdoN sQfpq ivwcfrDfrf dy
ivruD koeI afvfj bulMd kry qF gwdIaF dy suwK Bog rhy, rfjsI aqy Dfrmk lok iesƒ
ikvyN brdfsq kr skdy sn ? Auh BfvyN ikqny vwzy kukrm BI ikAuN nf kr rhy hox,
suDfrk afvfj pRvfn nhIN krngy. nfmdyv jI ƒ iesy kfrn qsIhy idqy gey. kbIr jI ƒ
keI vfr jfnoN mfrn df jqn kIqf igaf. rivdfs jI df ivroD hoieaf. gurU nfnk sfihb
df QF QF ivroD hoieaf, BfvyN jfn bcdI rhI. pMjvyN pfiqÈfh qk ieh ivroD isKrF
Coh igaf. siqgurU jI ƒ keI qrPf dbfvF df sfhmxf krnf pY irhf sI. sMn 1585 ivwc
mhysdfs Bft bRfhmx jo akbr bfdÈfh df chyqf bx igaf sI. akbr ny iesƒ pMj hjfrI
df iKqfb aqy rfjf dI AupfDI BI dy rwKI sI. kÈmIr dI muihMm dbfAux vfsqy POj
lYky cwilaf. rsqy ivwc aMimRqsr dy bfhrvfr POj ny pVf kIqf. mhys dfs (pRclq nfm
bIrbwl) ny siqgurU jI ƒ hukm Byijaf ik POj dI hr qrHF syvf kIqI jfvy, aqy rsqy
ivwc Krcy leI Gwto Gwt 5000 rupY idqy jfx. siqgurU jI ny moVvF Auqr Byijaf, ik
ijs iksy ny siqkfr sihq lMgr ivwcoN ruwKf imsf pRÈfdf Ckxf hY KuÈI nfl Cky.
vgfr rUp ivwc jF vzI rkm tYks rUp ivwc asIN koeI nhIN dyvFgy. Aus vkq qF bIrbwl
dMdIaF krIcdf clf igaf qy afK igaf ik ‘‘mYN ieh jMg ijwqky vfps muVidaF quhfƒ
vyKFgf[[[[[. krnI rwb dI sMn 1586 ivwc bIrbl, jMg ivwc hI mfiraf igaf. gurU Gr
ƒ mjf cKfAux dI qmMnf Auh pUrI nf kr sikaf.
iesy qrHF kuJ kvI lok afpxIaF kivqfvF lY ky, gurU jI kol
puwjy. ieh sn kfhnf pIlU CwjU qy Èfh husYn. sihgurU jI ny iehnF dIaF rcnfvF
ivwcoN kuJ pMny suxy qy vfps moV idqy. ikAuNik ieh gurU nfnk sfihb dI ivwcfrDfrf
nfl ieksur nhIN sn. iehnF lokF ƒ BI guwsf afAux hI sI. iehnF ny vDf cVf ky
lhOrI hfkmF awgy gurU Gr dIaF skfieqF kIqIaF. pr hflI rfj gwdI qy akbr bYTf sI
jo kfPI AudfrvfdI sI. dUjy pfsy siqgurU bRfhmxI krmkFzF dy bKIey AuDyV rhy sn.
kul mnuKqf ƒ, eyky dy sUqr ivwc pro rhy sn. gurU amrdfs jI ny goieMdvfl ivKy,
bfAulI iqafr krvfeI qF ik sfry iensfn, jfqpfqI vKryvyN iqafg ky iekwTy lMgr Ckx
iekwTy iesnfn krn. ies qoN bfd aMimRqsr ivwc pfxI dIaF loVF pUrIaF krn vfsqy,
sRovr bxvfey. ijQoN pfxI pIx leI aqy iesnfn leI pRfpq ho sikaf. aMimRqsr Èihr
ƒ ivDI pUrvk iek vwzf vpfrk kyNdr bxf idqf.
iswKF ƒ afdyÈ idqf ik qusIN hor hr qrHF dy vpfr dy nfl nfl,
GoiVaF df vpfr BI kro. kfbl kMDfr qoN iswK GoVy KrId ky Bfrq dy vwK vwK ÈihrF
ivwc iljf ky vycdy. iesy kfrn iswK cMgy GoV svfr bxdy gey. pYsy pwKoN mËbUq
huMdy cly gey. qrHF qrHF dy lokF ƒ imlx krky qjrbykfr bxdy gey. rfh dIaF muÈklF
JwlidaF srIrk pwKoN mjbUq qy idlo idmfg pwKoN qkVy huMdy gey. afAux vfly jMgf
juwDF ivwc iehnF hI Èfh svfrF ny qygF vfhuxIaF sn. dby kucly aqy afrQk pwKoN
kmËor lok, gulfmI dIaF jMjIrF ivwc jkVy lok, Dfrmk qOr qy buwDhIx bxfky luwty
jf rhy lokF ƒ gurU nfnk ivwcfrDfrf ny pihl dy ky apxfieaf. siqgurU arjn sfihb
ny QfAuN QfeIN loVvMdF vfsqy lMgr clfey DrmÈflf bxvfeIaF, AuQy ielfj leI
sPfKfny (hspqfl) BI Kohly. qrnqfrn ivKy kust rogIaF leI Kohilaf hspqfl, ies dI
AuGVvI imsfl sI. sMn 1596 ivwc jdoN lhOr ivwc cyck dI iBafnk ibmfrI PYl geI qF
mukfmI hfkmF (srkfrI mihkmy) ny ibmfrF dy ielfj df koeI pRbMD nf kIqf. ibmfrI
awgy qoN awgy PYldI geI. hr glI muhwly ivwcoN, rojfnf keI keI arQIaF AuTx
lwgIaF. hflq ieQoN qwk bdqr ho geI ik murdy glIaF jF GrF ivwc hI sVn lgy. zrdf
koeI lfsF ƒ iTkfxy lfAux vflf BI nyVy nf afvy. qMdrusq lok sihr ivwcoN AuTky
bfhr jfx lwg pey. aijhy ibKVy hflfq ivwc siqgurU arjn sfihb afpxy syvkF dy vwzy
kfPly smyq, lhOr puwj gey. ijqnf aMndfxf dsvMD rUp ivwc af irhf sI, hor sfry
Krcy rok ky, ibmfrF dI sMBfl vfsqy, vrqxf ÈurU kr idqf. muridaF ƒ iTkfxy
lfAuxf, ibmfrF ƒ dvfeIaF dyxIaF, qMdrusqF ƒ loVvMdF dI syvf vfsqy pRyrnf, ieh
sfry kMm siqgurU jI ny afpxI ingrfnI ivwc, afrMB krvf idqy. lMgr aqy sfP pfxI
cOvI GMty muheIaf krvfey jfx lwgy. lhOr dy gvrnr aqy smrft akbr ƒ BI gurU Gr dI
pRsMsf krnI peI ik ‘‘jo syvf srkfr vloN krnI bxdI sI, Auh gurU arjn sfihb jI
ny kIqI.``
iesy duhrfn BfvyN bflk hirgoibMd qy BI cyck df mfrU hmlf ho
igaf. siqgurU ƒ keI ‘‘isafixaF`` ny slfh idqI ik sIqlf dI pUjf kro.
bflk ishqnfQ ho jfvygf. siqgurU jI ny Purmfieaf ik lhOr ivwc hjfrF ivakqIaF df
Gfx krn vflI, mfsUm ijMdF df byrihmI nfl KUn pIx vflI koeI ‘‘sIqlf dyvI``
ho skdI hY ? jy mnuKF ƒ hVwp kr jfx vflI dyvI hY qF mYƒ dwso zfiex jF
cuVyl iPr iksƒ kihMdy hn ? lfhOr ivwc mrn vfly lokF ny pihlF hI ies ‘‘sIqlf
dyvI`` dI pUjf krky pRsMn ikAuN nf kr ilaf ? ieh koeI dyvI nhIN hY ? iek ibmfrI
hY qy ibmfrI df ielfj krnf huMdf hY, dyvI pUjn df pfKMz qy mUrKqf krn dI ËrUrq
nhIN. ies prQfey siqgurU jI ny keI Èbd Aucfrn kIqy sn. iek Èbd ieh hY -
