isWK dI qfrIP
ipRMsIpl
igafnI surjIq isMG, isWK imsLnrI, idWlI
‘isWK dI qfrIP’-
Bfv ‘isWK kOx hY?’ vfly pwK vl vwDx qoN pihlF sfnMU dUjy do pKF vl ivsLys
iDafx dyx dI loV hY. pihlf- srUp ‘qy
dUjf-suBfa vflf
pWK. isWK Drm apxy afp ‘c invyklf aqy ivWlKx Drm hY ijs ‘c iksy pRkfr dI
bnfvt, idKfvy jF krmkFz nMU koeI QF hY hI nhIN. isWK df ‘suBfa’, gurbfxI ny
GWVHxf hY aqy srUp pKoN ‘kys’ mnuWKI srUp df kuWdrqI ‘qy ainWKVvF aMg hn.
iehnF donF pWKF dI sMBfl hI mnuWK df ‘isK’ ho inWbVxf hY.
kys-
mnuWKf srIr leI, Aus aBuWl akflpurKu dI dfq hn ijsny sfnMU aWKF, nWk, kMn, mUMh,
hWQ, idmfg Bfv sB kuJ bKisLaf hY. iesqRI-purK dy PLrk nfl ijs aMg qy ijMnI ‘qy
jdoN loV huMdI hY, pRBu ny AuMny hI kys bKsLy hn. kyvl mnuWK hI nhIN blik sfrI
jIv sLyRxI ‘c myl-iPLmyl dy PLrk nfl kysF vfly ies nIXm nUM afsfnI nfl dyiKaf
qy smiJaf jf skdf hY. asF apxy ies sMpUrx mnuWKf srUp dI sMBfl, aMdroN qy bfhroN
‘Bfv srUp qy suBfa, donF pKF qoN krnI hY ‘ajyhy jIvn df nfm hI isWK jIvn hY’.
jIvn pKoN-gurbfxI isiKaf Aupr cWlky, mnuWK ny afpxy aMdroN anmnuWKI suBfa
nMU KWqm krnf hY. anmnuWKI suBfa qoN arQ hY, nsLy, ivWBcfr, DoKf, TWgI, Pryb,
ZoNg, jLulm-DWkf, ivWqkrf, jfq-pfq, CUaf-CUq, luWt-KsuWt, suWc-iBWt, vYr-dvysL,
tUxy-pWrCfvyN, idKfvy, srIr pUjf qy hor anykF krmkfMz jF Dfrmk TWgIaF-ieh sfry
aMnmnuWKI suBfa dI hI Aupj hn.
mnuWK jdoN
bfhroN, apxy rWbI srUp dI sMBfl krdf hY aqy aMdroN rihxI krky gurbfxI isWiKaf vl
vWDdf hY, qF iesy df nfm-isWK Drm ‘c pRvysL kr jfxf ho jFdf hY. pMj
ipafiraF koloN, gurU gRMQ sfihb dI hjLUrI ‘c pfhul lYx df mWqlb vI ‘isWK
rfhIN gurbfxI dI isiKaf Aupr clx df pRx krxf hY. ieh vI jLrUrI hY ik pfhul lYx
qoN pihlF aiBlfsLI sWjx, iesqRI jF purK-srUp dI kWt-vWz jF Dfrmk ByKF ijvyN
sfDU, sMq, jogI sinafsI afid qoN AuBr cuWkf hoÖy aqy jIvn Br Aus qoN sucyq rihx
leI pfbMd hovy. bWs, iehI hY-‘isWK dI qfrIP’.
ivsLy vl vWDx qoN pihlF sfnUM iesdy dUjy pWK vl vI
ivsLys iDafn dyx dI loV hY. sMsfr pWDr qy ijMny vI Drm hn bhuqf krky, iksy
ivsLysL smyN qy iksy ivsLysL kMm nMU kr lYxf, iesy df nfm amuky Drm df anuafeI
ho jfxf hY. iksy ivsLysL smyN qy tWlIaF vjf lYxIaF, vrq-rojy rK lYxy, iqlk lgf
lYxy, iksy ivsLysL rUp jF ByK-pihrfvy nMU Dfrn kr lYxf, mflf pf lYxIaF, Gr-pRvfr
df iqafg krky jMglF ‘c cly jfxf, lMmIaF smfDIaF. hor lvo, iksy ivsLysL rihxI
aqy ivcfrDfrf df ivWsLvfsI ho jfxf, srIr nMU anykF pRkfr dy qWpF rfhINN qpfAuxf,
qIrQ XfqrfvF aqy iesLnfn, suWcF-iBWtF, cONky, kfrF-pRCfvy, sgnF-apxgnF dy vihm,
tyvy, mhUrq. iesyqrHF iQWqF-vfrF jF svyr-sfm dy Brm, jfq-vrx qy Auc nIc dy Brm,
mnuWKI gulfmI ijvyN ikWDry bRfhmx dI gulfmI ‘qy ikWDry mOlvI dI gulfmI Bfv
srIr pUjf, AuprMq mUrqI-qsvIr-pWQr pUjf, mMqr rtx, dyv jF rfm-ikRsLn afid nUM
Bgvfn mMn ky AunHf dI pUjf aqy hor bhuq kuJ. ies sfry dy Ault ieQy guurU pfqsLfh
ny ieh sfry aqy hor ajyhy sMsfr pWDr dy ajyhy krmF nUM Drm df aMg hI nhIN
mMinaf. mnuWK nUM kyvl aqy kyvl srv ivafpI ieWk akflpurKu dI pihcfx krvffeI hY
aqy isWK jIvn ‘c iksy vI ivcoly jF pujfrI sLRyxI nUM koeI QF hfsl nhIN.
suafs suafs df Drm hY ‘isWK
Drm’- gurU pfqsLfh ny smfj nMU iek
hor nvIN syD vI idWqI, Auh sI mnuWKf jnm dI ivsLysLqf, Auqmqf, iesdf ipCokV aqy
sMBfl. isWK df Drm- cOvI GMty, hr pWl, idn-rfq, dI jIvn soJI aqy sMBfl df nfm
hY. ieh suafs-suafs df Drm hY. mnuWK zfktr bxdf hY, ieMjInIar bxdf hY,
ivigafnI bxdf hY, dukfndfr hY pr swcy Drm qoN ibnF Auh sWB kuWJ bxky vI shI arQF
‘c iensfn nhIN bx skdf. injI jIvn, pRvfrk, sfmfjk qy rfjnIqk jIvn qoN lY ky
AusnMU jIvn dy hr ikwqy aqy hr Kyqr ‘c ‘jIvn ivigafn’ aQvf sWcy Drm dI
soJI dI loV hY; nhIN qF mnuWK, afpxf sfrf jIvn psLU dI inafeI aqy psLU dI pWDr
qy hI KWqm kr dyNdf hY. sfihb sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dy 1430
pMny iesy sWcfeI aqy Drm leI swdf dy rhy hn. sMsfrk igafn dI iek CotI ijMnHI
puWsqk vI jdoN qIk asIN pVHdy nhIN, nhIN dWs skdy ik Aus pusqk aMdr kI iliKaf
hY. ies dy Ault gurU gRMQ sfihb jI agy kyvl mwQf tyk ky hI asIN isWK
aKvfAuxf cfhuMdy hF, ieh bhuqI dyr sMBv nhIN. jdoN sMsfr pWDr df ieh srboqm
igafn, ieh jIvn ivigafn sfzy jIvn df clx bx jFdf hY qF kyvl asIN afp hI nhIN
blik afpxy nfl anykF nMU ies rwbI igafn df rfhI bxf skdy hF, PLurmfn hY "mMnY
prvfrY sfDfru" (jpu-pAuVI 15). gurU nfnk pfqsfh df Drm qF "bMdy
Koju idl hr roj nf iPru prysfnI mfih" (pMnf 727)
vflf hY..
Drm kyvl ieko hI hY- sWcfeI
ieh hY ik 500 qoN
vWD smyN ‘c vI ajy asF iehI nhIN smiJaf ik gurU pfqsLfh ny dWs jfmyN Dfrn krky
sfnMU jo Drm bKisLaf- Auh Drm hY kI? asl ‘c gurbfxI qoN pRgt hox vflf Drm
hI-hr mnuWK df mUl aqy sdIvI Drm hY. pfqsLfh ny kyvl DrmF dI igxqI ‘c vfDf krn
vfsqy ies Drm nUM pRgt nhIN kIqf. iehI kfrx hY ik gurbfxI smUcy mnuWK mfqr nUM
sMboDn hY aqy ies df bIj pfqsLfh ny afp sfrI mfnvqf ‘c pfieaf hY. isWK qF Ausy
mfnv-DrqI ‘c pfey hoey iesy bIj rfhIN pRPulq hoieaf ieWk imWTf PWl hY ijsny
apxy jIvn nUM gurU pfqsLfh dy hukmF qoN inWCfvr kr idWqf hY.
drasl apxI aigafnqf kfrn aj asIN isWK Drm df jo srUp, sMsfr
sfhmxy pysL kr rhy hF ies ivcoN nf hI sfnMU ‘isK dI qfrIP’ vflI smJ af rhI
hY aqy nf hI asIN sMsfr nMU smJf pf rhy hF. jdoN asIN Auprokq ‘srUp aqy suBfa’
vfly do juuWVvyN pr mUl pKF nMU afpxI soJI df ivsLf bnfvFgy, qF ‘isWK dI qfrIP’
afeIny dI qrHF spWsLt huMdy dyr nhIN lgygI.
‘isWK aKvfAux df
hwkdfr kOx?- isWK dI qfrIP’ qoN
Bfv hY ik isWK aKvfAux df hwkdfr kOx hY aqy kOx nhIN. isWK dy lwCx kI hn, isWK
dy jIvn dI pihcfx kI hY? drasl isWK df mWqlb hI ‘sfihb
sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI’ jI dI ‘isiKaf’
df ‘isK’ ho jfxf hY. dUjy sLbdF ivc
‘kyvl Auh iesqRI jF pursL ijMny afpxy jIvn nMU gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dI isiKaf
agy smRpq kIqf hoieaf hY. ijMny pRx lY ilaf hY ik Auh kyvl AuhI jIvn jIeygf, jo
gurbfxI dI isiKaf dy Gyry ‘c afAuNdf hY aqy hr iek Auh krm jo sfihb sRI gurU
gRMQ sfihb jI rfhIN bKsLI jIvn syD anusfr nhIN, AusnMU iqafgx ‘c iZwl nhIN
krygf’. dUjy sLbdF ‘c ijs ny pMj ipafiraF rfhIN, ‘sfihb sRI gurU gRMQ
sfihb jI’ nMU bfkfiedf apxf jIvn gurU Dfrn kIqf hY, Auh isWK hY. gurU Dfrn krn
df mWqlb hI ieko hY: ‘gurU gRMQ sfihb jI’ dI afigaf ‘c clx df vWcn dyxf
aqy jo socxI-krnI-rihnI-gurbfxI anusfr nhIN AusnMU iqafgx ‘c rwqI iZwl nhIN
krnI.
kyvl ‘bfxI dI
isiKaf df pfbMd hoxf hI ikAuN?- ikAuNik
‘isWK’ df mWqlb hI bfxI ‘isiKaf df pfbMd’ hoxf hY. suafl pYdf
huMdf hY ik afiKr bfxI dI isiKaf df hI ikAuN? iksy hor dI isiKaf df ikAuN nhIN?
AWuqr ieh hY ik ieh lPLjL bKisLaf vI bfxI ny hY iesqoN pihlF qF ies lPLjL df
ikWDry vjUd hI nhIN sI aqy bKisLaf vI kyvl bfxI dI isiKaf Aupr clx vfly leI hY,
iksy hor vfsqy nhIN. gurbfxI ivcoN hI anykF pRmfx ies bfry spWsLt imldy hn ijvyN
"so isKu sKf bMDpu hY BfeI ij gur ky Bfxy ivic afvY ] afpxY BfxY jo clY
BfeI ivCuiV cotf KfvY ] ibnu siqgur suKu kdy n pfvY BfeI iPir iPir pCoqfvY
]" (pM: 601)
aqy "gurisK mIq clhu gur cflI ] jo guru khY soeI Bl mfnhu hir hir
kQf inrflI" (pM:667)
isWK dI pihcfx bfry qF pfqsLfh afp PurmFdy hn "isKI
isiKaf gur vIcfir ] ndrI krim lGfey pfir" (pM:465)
Bfv bfxI dI vIcfr krky, bfxI gurU dI isiKaf anusfr jIvn bqIq krn vflf mnuWK hI
‘isWK’ ho skdf hY .iesqrHF ajyhf mnuWK "ndrI krim lGfey pfir"
gurU-akflpurKu dI bKisLsL df pfqr bxky, jnm-mrn dy gyVH ‘coN inkl jFdf hY. hor
lvo "gurmuiK hoie su hukmu pCfxY mfnY hukmu smfiedf" (pM:1037)
aqy "gurmiq mnu ThrfeIaY myrI ijMduVIey anq n kfhU zoly rfm" (pM:
538) Bfv gurU
dI isiKaf (mWq) anusr mn nUM itkfvy ‘qy hor ieWDr-AuDr nf BWtky. muWkdI gl ieh
ik isWK df mqlb hI iehI hY ijMny apxf jIvn bfxI gurU dI mWq nMU Byt kIqf hY iehI
arQ gurmuiK dy vI hn. ies qrHF iek-do-cfr vfrI nhIN blik hjLfrF Purmfn gurbfxI
smuMdr ‘coN ies sWcfeI nUM spWsLt krdy hn ijhVy ik ‘isWK dI qfrIP’
nMU hI Aujfgr kr rhy hn.
isWK rihq mirafdf
anusfr, isWK dI qfrIP- rihq mirafdf
anusfr "jo iesqrI jF pursL iek akfl purK, dWs gurU sfihbfn (sRI gurU nfnk
dyv jI qoN lY ky sRI gurU goibMd isMG sfihb qk) sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb aqy dWs gurU
sfihbfn dI bfxI qy isiKaf aqy dsmysL jI dy aMimRq qy insLcf rwKdf hY aqy iksy
hor Drm nMU nhIN mMndf, Auh isK hY" ieQy vI gl afpxy afp ivc spWsLt ho jFdI
hY. ijhVf mnuWK (iesqRI jF purK) gurU sfihbfn dI bfxI anusfr cldf hoieaf iek
akflpurKu qoN CuWt iksy hor Aupr ivsLvfs nhIN rKdf, kyvl AuhI isWK hY. iesyqrHF
‘aMimRq qy insLcf rKx df mWksd vI iehI hY’ ijsny pfhul lYky, gurU
gRMQ sfihb jI nMU apxf gurU Dfrn kIqf hY. iesdy Ault jy kr koeI ieh kihxf cfhy
ik ‘mYnUM aMimRq qy insLcf qF hY pr mYN Cwkxf nhIN jF CWikaf nhIN’ jF jdoN
mn krygf afpy CWk lvFgy’ qF ieh gl apxy afp ivc hI hfsohIxI bx ky rih jFdI hY.
insLcy df mWqlb hI iehI hY ik amukI gl nfl myrI sFJ hY.
jdoN iesy gl nMU asIN gurU nfnk pfqsLfh dy afgmn qoN lY
ky dsmysL jI dy joqI joq smfAux qIk Bfv 239
sflF dy smyN ivcoN pVcoldy hF qF dsmysL jI dy aMimRq qy insLcy vflI gl-
hr iek isWK df gurUnfnk pfqsLfh dy smyN qoN hI pfhulDfrI hoxf hor vI spWsLt ho
jFdf hY. gurU pfqsLfh qoN crx pfhul lYky ijnHF jIviVaF ny afpxy afp nMU gurbfxI
jIvn dy smRpx kr idWqf, gurbfxI ‘c pfqsLfh ny AunHF leI hI sLbd ‘isWK’
vriqaf hY aqy jo ajy ies jIvn pWdvI nMU pRfpq nhIN sn ho sky AunHF leI
"sKf, imwqr, bMDp" afid vWK sLbd hn. gurbfxI dy gurU hox df isDFq vI
pihly jfmy qoN hI spWsLt kr idWqf igaf sI.
isWK kyvl AuhI, jo
gurbfxI isiKaf nUM smRpq hY- gurU nfnk
pfqsLfh ny apxy joqI joq smfAux smyN gurbfxI KjLfny vflI ijLmyvfrI gurU aMgd
pfqsLfh dy supurd kIqI. jy srIr gurU huMdf qF gurU nfnk pfqsLfh qoN bfd gurU
agMd pfqsLfh gurU pWd nMU pRfpq nhIN sn ho skdy. ieQy qF gurU sLbd-gurbfxI vfsqy
hI sI aqy AusdI isiKaf-soJI nMU smripq hox vfly nUM-‘isK’ ikhf hY. ieQoN qIk
ik jdoN gurU nfnk pfqsLfh dy vwzy sfihbjLfdy bfbf sRI cMd ny apxf vwKrf zyrHf
sQfpq kr ilaf qF ‘isWK’ kyvl AuhI kihlfey jo smyN anusfr dUjy pfqsLfh dI
sLrx ‘c af gey jF dUjy pfqsLfh qoN pfhul dI dfq pRfpq kIqI. ijhVy sRI
cMd jI dy zyrHy vl Bwtk gey Auh BfvyN kuJ vI khy jfx pr isWK nhIN khlvfey. iesy
qrHF drjf-b-drjf ijhVy qIjy, cOQy, pMjvyN aMq dWsvyN pfqsLfh dI sLrx ‘c afey
aqy pfhul pRfpq krky gurbfxI anusfr, jIvn jIAux df pRx ilaf, kyvl Auh hI ‘isWK’
kihlvfey. ijhVy smyN-smyN nfl dfqU jI, ipRQIcMd, myhrbfn, rfmrfey, DIr mfl jF
hor ieWDr EDr Bwtk gey, Auh cfhy kuJ vI hox pr ‘isWK dI qfrIP’ dy
dfiery c’ nhIN afAuNdy aqy isWK aKvfAux dy hwkdfr nhIN rhy aqy nf hI isWK
kihlvf sky. iesqrHF gurU nfnk sfihb qoN hI ‘isWK kox hY aqy kOx nhIN’ ieh
sWcfeI spWsLt hMudy dyr nhIN lgdI. iehI kfrn sI ik BfeI mMJ nMU isWK khlvfAux
vfsqy lgfqfr bfrHF sfl Gflxf GflxI peI.
ivsfKI sMn 1699
aqy isWK dI qfrIP-
igafn rqnfvlI ‘c BfeI mnI isMG ijLkr
krdy hn jdoN BfeI mrdfny ny BfeI nIrU nMU crxpfhul idWqI qF iqMn AupdysL idWqy
"pihlf- kysF nMU kWql nhIN krvfAuxf, dUjf- afey gey isWK dI
syvf krnI, qIjf-pihr rfq rihNdI jfgky siqnfm df jfp krnf" ieQoN do
gWlF spWsLt ho jFdIaF hn. pihlf-
BfeI mrdfnf, kyvl pfhul pRfpq isWK hI nhIN sn blik dUijaF nMu crxpfhul dyx vfly
aiDkfrI pRcfrk vI sn. dUjf-isWK hox vfsqy pihly jfmy qoN hI sMpUrn
kysfDfrI srUp ‘c afAuxf jLrUrI sI. ‘gurbfxI gurU’ hox df isDFq vI gurU
nfnk sfihb ny hI pRgt kr idWqf sI aqy bfxI ‘c ies bfry anykF pRmfx mOjUd hn.
gurdyv ny sfnMU vI Ausy bfxI dy hI ‘isWK’ hox df mfx bKisLaf hY. ieQy iek
gl hor ivsLysL iDafn mMgdI hY Auh ieh ik gurU dr qy crx pfhul df kdy vI mWqlb
‘pYr Do ky ipafAux’ vflf niKWD qrIkf kdy vI pRvfn nhIN sI ieWQy qF crx
pfhulL df mWqlb sI jigafsU nUM bfxI dy crxF nfl joVxf aqy iesdI pRoVqf leI vI
gurbfxI KjLfny coN anykF pRmfx idWqy jf skdy hn.
ivsfKI sMn 1699
nMU jdoN pfqsLfh ny gurbfxI juWgq nUM vrqfAux vflI srIrk ijLmyNvfrI pMjf dy rUp
‘c pMQ nUM sOp idWqI qF pfhul df ZMg vI crxpfhul qoN KMzy dI pfhul ‘c bdl
idWqf. pfqsLfh ny ieh vI hukm kIqf ik nvyN bdlyy gey isWK Drm ‘c pRvysL dy ZMg
anusfr, sfrI sMgq nvyN isry qoN ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ lvy. iesdf vwzf ieiqhfsk
sbUq hY, ik ies nvyN bdly hoey ZMg anusfr pMjF-pMjF pfsoN, sB qoN pihlF dsmysL
jI ny afp pfhul pRfpq kIqI. hflFik pihlI ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ vflf bftf dsmysL jI
ny afp iewkilaF hI iqafr kIqf sI aqy pihly pMjF nMU CWkfieaf vI iewkilaF hI sI.
nvyN ZMg anusfr sfiraF nMU iPLr qoN pfhul lYx df hukm krnf
aqy sB qoN pihlF afpxy afp nMU Aus leI pysL krnf, ies gl nMU spWsLt krdf hY ik
pfhul lYky gurbfxI nMU gurU Dfrn krn df pMQ aMdr kyvl aqy kyvl ieko hI ZMg hY,
imlgoBf jF vWK vWK nhIN.
‘KMzy dI pfhul’ ibnF
asIN isWK nhIN- idWqy
jf cuky vyrvy qoN ieh gWl pUrI qrHF sfbq ho cuWkI hy ik gurU nfnk pfqsLfh dy
smyN qoN lY ky dWsvyN pfqsLfh qIk isWK dI qfrIP, drjf-b-drjf sMbMDq gurU
pfqsLfh dI sLrn ivc afAuxf, pfhul pRfpq krnI aqy gurbfxI dI agvfeI ‘c jIvn
jIAUx df pRx lYxf hI huMdf sI. iesy cldI af rhI prIpftI anusfr jdoN dsmysL jI ny
pfhul dI pRfpqI df ZMg bWdilaf, qF vI isWK dI qfrIP AuhI rhI ijhVI ik
pihlF qoN cldI af rhI sI- Bfv ijs ny KMzy bfty dI pfhul pRfpq kIqI hovy, Aus qoN
pihlF nhIN. iesy df nfm isWK rihq-mirXfdf ‘c ‘dsLmysL jI dy aMimRq qy insLcf
ilafAuxf hY, vWKrf nhIN.
isWK dI qfrIP ‘qy
aWj df ivgfV- sMn 1716
‘c bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdur dI sLhfdq qoN kfPI smF bfad qIk vI isWK df mWqlb hI
‘pfhulDfrI’ sI. BfvyN ik ies sLhfdq qoN bfd Auh dOr sLurU ho jFdf hY jdo
iisWK jMglF, mfrUQlf, phfVF ‘c cly gey aqy gurduafiraF qy aMnaiDkfrI BfeI,
gRMQI, pujfrI, mhMq dy rUp ‘c kfibjL ho gey sn. iehnF coN bhuqy bRfhmx vrg
ivcoN hI sn. iesy df nqIjf sI ik hr iek anmqI ‘qy bRfhmxI rihxI-ivsLvfs nMU
gurm‘q dI cfsLnI cVHf ky gurduafiraF ‘c lfgU kr idWqf igaf. isWK ieiqhfs ‘c
vI DVWly nfl vfDy-Gfty qy rWl-gWz kIqy gey. iQWq-vfr,
sMgrFdf-mWisafvF-pUrnmfisLaF, nOrfqy- srfD, asLtmIaF, svyr-sLfm, jfq-pfq,
mflf-jWp-qWp-rtOxIaf, CUaf-CUq, suWc iBWt, vr-sLfp, sMsfrk kfmnfvF ‘qy PWl dI
pRfpqI leI bfxI dy qoqf rtx, aKMz pfT, pYsy dy ky pfT krvfAuxy, suWKxF-cflIhy
afid hWT krm, Dfgy-qvIq, jmny-mrny-anMdkfrj leI sfry bRfhmxI ZMg, rIqF qy
sWgx-apsgxZMg; Bfv ik hriek bRfhmxI krmkFz, vihm-sihm, soc-rihxI-rhu rIq, ieQoN
qIk ik mUrqI pUjf vI gurduafiraF ‘c pRvysL kr geI. gurbfxI jIvn qoN dUr, ieh
sfry krm isWKI dy nfm qy hI huMdy-huMdy aMq isWKI jIvn df hI aMg bxdy gey. sMn 1799
jdoN ‘Kflsf’ rfj df afieaf qF AudoN qIk isWKI jIvn kyvl ivWprn dIaF rIqF df
Zyr hI bx ky rih cuWkf sI. ajyhy smyN rfj sWqf kfrn, ienHF aMnmqI rhu-rIqF nUM
rfjsI pWDr qy hor vI pWikafeI imlI. isWKF ‘qy isWK mhfrfijaF aMdr isWKI aqy
gurU vfsqy sLrDf qF byaMq sI, pr jIvn ivcoN gurbfxI soJI alop ho cuWkI sI. jdoN
rihxI hI aMnmq dI sI qF ‘pfhul’ lYxf vI kyvl iek rIq pUrI krn vflf krmkFz
bMxdf-bMxdf aMq apxI aslIaq vI guaf bYTf. ieMnF hI nhIN isWK Drm ‘c ieh jyhVI
nvIN pujfrI sLRyxI pYdf ho cuWkI sI AunHF df insLfnf vI ‘pfhul’ df Tykydfr
bxnf aqy sMgqF leI iesnUM ‘hAuaf’ bxfky rKxf hI sI; TIk Ausy qrHF ijvyN ik
bRfhmx vrg ny pihlF qoN hI vydF dy igafn Aupr apxf kbjLf bnfieaf hoieaf sI.
afiKr ieh isWK rfj vI sMn 1849
‘c KWqm ho igaf aqy pMjfb Aupr aMgryjL pUrI qrHF kfbj ho gey. aMgryjL bVf dUr
aMdysL sI. Auh dyK cuWkf sI ik isWK kOm, iek josLIlI kOm hY. isWK, gurU dy nF
qoN mr imWtx vfly aqy vWcn dy sUry hn. isWK kOm-ipWCly 84
sflF (sMn 1716
qoN 1799) dI
ies bRfhmxI mfr kfrn qF pihlF hI gurbfxI jIvn qoN KflI ho cuWkI sI. ajyhf
vfqfvrx mjLbUq kIqf igaf ik isKF dy josL nUM vrqx leI ienHF nUM gurbfxI pKoN
jfgRqI af hI nf sky. aMgryjLF ny PojF ivWckfr sfzI sLkl dI qF bVI sMBfl kIqI,
isWK PLOjI leI pfhulDfrI hoxf pWkf kr idWqf igaf. pr ieh sB sfnUM apxI jLrUrq
leI vrqx leI hI Ausdy vI hWQkMzy sn. Ausny vI sfzy ieiqhfs ‘c kfPLI rWl-gWZ dy
nvyN rsqy Koly. nvyN gurUzMm KVy kiqy gey qy ipWCly drvfjLy qoN AunHF guMJlF nUM
kfPLI hWvf idWqI. KYr! isWKI jIvn qoN qF pihlF bRhmx dyvqy dI ‘ikrpf’ nfl
asIN pUrI qrHF KflI ho hI cuWky dy sF bfkI kWsr aMgryjLf ny pUrI kr idWqI. pUrI
gl nUM smJx leI apxy afp ‘c ieh ieWk lMmI ivWiQaf qy vWKrf ivsLf hY ijsnUM
gurmWq pfT nM: 77 ‘gurbfxI
qoN PLfslf ikAuN?’ c inBfafieaf igaf hY.
ieQy qF kyvl ies gl vl hI iDafn duafAux dI loV hY ik jdoN
isWK dI qfrIP hI pfhulDfrI hoxf aqy gurbfxI afigaf ‘c jIvn nMU Zflxf hY qF kI
kfrx hn ik aj kOm df vWzf ihWsf ibnf pfhul hY. jF iPLr kI aWj ieh mMn lYxf
cfhIdf hY ik ijnHF ny pfhul nhIN leI Auh isWK hI nhIN hn, jF ieh mMn ilaf jfvy
ik aWj dy sMDrB ‘c ‘isWK dI qfrIP’ hI bdl cuWkI hY ‘qy isWK leI ‘pfhulDfrI’
hoxf jLrUrI hI nhIN jF kuJ hor. aWj lgBg sfzI iehI hflq bxI peI hY.
aWj bhuqf krky isWK dy jIvn dI pWDr gurduafry jf ky mWQf tyk
lYxf, QoVf bhuq pfT kr lYxf jF iksy KusLI-gmI qy pYsy dy ky aKMz pfT krvf lYxf
hI rih cuWkf hY. aWj sfzy GrF ‘c aMnmqI aqy hUVmqI rihnI isLWKrF qy puWj cWukI
hY aqy isWKI rihxI lWBxI aAuKI hoeI peI hY. sLrDf byaMq hY pr nf hI bfxI dI soJI
hY nf jIvx. hflq ieQoN qIk pWqlI ho cuWkI hY-inWqnym qF dUr, aj vWzI igxqI ‘c
isWK vIr qy bIbIaF afp ‘ardfsf soDx’ dy vI smrQ nhIN hn.
isWKI jIvn dy do
aMg-srUp aqy gurbfxI- gurbfxI
iek jIvn ivigafn hY ijsny mnuWK nMU aMdroN-bfhroN sWcf suWcf iensfn bnfAuxf hY.
srUp qF jnm qoN hI iml igaf pr jykr aMdr gurbfxI dI ivcfr nhIN qF ‘jIvn’ kdy
bx hI nhIN skdf. ies qrHF nf hI asIN afp ‘isWK dI qfrIPL’ dy mhWqv nMU smJ
skdy hF aqy nf hI dUijaF nMu smJfAux dy kfibl ho skdy hF. ies gWl nMU smJx vfsqy
sfnMU iesy gurmWq pfT dy arMB ‘c idWqy isKI jIvn dy donF pWKF vl iPr iDafn dyx
dI loV hY. jy hor dyr kIqI geI qF aWj Auh ivroDI sLkqIaF vI pxp rhIaF hn ijnHF
df jLor hI ies gWl qy hY ik ‘isWK hox leI kysfDfrI hoxf vI jLrUrI nhIN’.
sWcfeI iehI hY ik aWj isWK smfj ‘c ijMnIaF vI ivprn
dIaF rIqF qy aMnmq dy pRBfv vWD rhy hn, Auh dUijaF qoN nhIN, blik gurduafiraF
rfhIN pRcfry aqy svIkfry jf rhy isWKI pRcfr df hI aMg hn. ikMny duWK dI gWl hY
ik aj dy juWg ‘c jdoN, ky[ jI, nWrsrI dIaF klfsF leI qF Gto GWt bI[ eyz[ tIcr
jrUrI hY pr gurU nfnk dI aflmgIrI isWKI nMU pVHfAux, smJfAux ‘qy pRcfrx leI
pVHfeI qy jIvn dI loV hI nhIN. iesyqrHF pRbMDkF ‘c ikho ijhI Xogqf ‘qy jIvn
hoxf hY ajyhf koeI mfpZMz nhIN, bfkI coxF dy inXm ny rihMdI kWsr vI pUrI kr
idWqI hY. Xogqf dy afDfr qy priKaf jfx vflf Drm, aj coxF dI gMdgI ‘c zuWbf
ipaf hY.
‘isWK dI qfrIP’ ‘qy
sLbdfvlI df pRBfv- aWj anykF nvyN nvyN sLbd
ijvyN ‘aMimRq Cko-isMG sjo’. kmfl hY! asF afp hI mMn ilaf hY ik ‘isMG’
hor hn ‘qy ‘isK’ hor jF ‘pfhul lYky’ koeI isMG sWjdf hY nhIN qF isWK
qF sfry hI hn. kihxf qF cfhIdf sI ‘pfhul lYky asF isWK sWjxf’ hY. iesyqrHF
iek hor sLbd ‘aMimRq CWko-gurU vfly bxo’ jdik kihxf cfhIdf hY ‘afAu!
pfhul lYky isWK hox dy hWkdfr bxIey’. ikMnI ajIb bx rhI hY, sfzI bolI. mWqlb
ieh "aMimRq CWk ky qF asF gurU vfly bnxf hY" nhIN qF isWK qF
asIN hF hI’. drasl ieh sfzI sLbdfvlI ‘c inWq nvyN ivgfV vI sfzy aMdr af
cuWkI gurbfxI soJI ‘qy jIvn dI Gft df hI pRgtfvf, isWK dI mUl qfrIP qy
vI suaflIaf insLfn KVy kr rhy hn.
Kflsy df kdy vI jnm
idn nhIN- iek hor koqfhI aWj asIN ieh kr
hry hF jdoN afp hI pRcfrI jf rhy hF ik 1699 dI
ivsfKI, Kflsy df jnm idn hY. iPr AusnMU ies ZMg nfl pysL kr rhy hF ijvyN ik sMn 1469
qoN 1699 qIk 230
sflF ‘c hoieaf hI kuWJ nhIN. kOm kysfDfrI vI hoeI qF dsmysL jI dy jIvn kfl dy
afKrI nO sflF ‘c, pihlF sfry ihMdU hI sn. pfhul lYx df nIXm bixaf qF Auh vI 1699
qoN, pMQ cilaf qF 1699
qoN. kul imlfky iek qrIky asIN dsmysL jI nMU vI pihlIaF nON pfqsLFhIaF qoN aWz
sfbq krn dy dosLI bx cuWky hF aqy isWK dI mUl qfrIP nMU vI Klq-mlq krn df
kfrx, afp hI bxy hoey hF.
pihlI gWl qF ieh hY ik Kflsy df kdy koeI jnm nhIN hMudf.
Kflsf sdIvI hY ‘qy ieh mnuWK mfqr df mUl Drm hY. Kflsf qF isWK df hI lWkb hY,
iksy hor leI nhIN-isMG asIN aKvfey sMn 1699
‘c jdoN sfzy nfvF dI ‘isMG ‘qy kOr’ dy lPLjLF nfl qbdIlI kIqI
geI, sfzy qoN jfq-goq sUck lPLjL htf ky sfnUM iek pRvfr df rUp dy idWqf igaf.
sfzf Drm pihlF vI isWK sI ‘qy bfd ‘c vI ‘isWK’- ijsdI pihcfx, prIBfsLf,
qfrIP gurbfxI ivc pihly jfmyN qoN hI dy idqI geI hY. gurbfxI dy gurU hox df
isDFq vI pihly jfmyN qoN hI lfgU sI. gurbfxI mnuWK nUM rjLf dy jIvn ‘c ilafAux
leI jIvn jfc hY. pRBU dI rjLf ‘c clx dI pihcfx hI pRBU dI rjLf c pRfpq pUrn
kysfDfrI srUp ‘c ikAuN-ikMqU nf krnf hY. kysfDfrI, kMGfDfrI, kiChrfDfrI-asIN
pihly jfmy qoN hF. sLsqrDfrI (ikRpfn DfrI) asIN CyvyN jfmyN qoN ho gey. isWK dI
qfrIP nMU shI arQF ‘c sMsfr sfhmxy pysL krn leI sfnMU afpxIaF ieiqhfisk
imlfvtF qoN sucyq hox dI vI loV hY.
Kflsy nMU isWK Drm dy rUp ‘c pRgt kIqf gurU nfnk pfqsLfh ny
pihly jfmyN ‘c aqy afpxy hI dWsvyN jfmyN c Bfv sMn 1699
nMU iesdy nfvF, kkfrF afid ‘c ieksfrqf bKsLky iesnMU sMpUrnqf bKsLI. iesqrHF
‘isWK dI qfrIP’ kyvl Auh mnuWK hI isWK hY jo srUp krky sMpUrn kysfDfrI hY
‘qy ijMny KMzy dI pfhul lY ky gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dI jIvn isiKaf Aupr clx df
bfkfiedf pRx ilaf hY ik Auh apxf jIvn inrol gurbfxI afigaf ‘c hI bqIq krygf.
afAu! asIN lfmbMd hoky apxI aslIaq nUM sMsfr sfhmxy jfgRq krIey. 024s97.5s050
‘isWK dI qfrIPL’ ieh
pypr imqI 26.10.97
idn mMglvfr nUM ‘gurmiq igafn gosLTI’, gurduafrf sRI gurU isMG sBf, mfzl
tfAux aYkstYNsLn luiDafxf (pMjfb) ivKy lyKk rfhIN afp piVaf igaf.
