.

purfqn bolI - sMsikRq jF pMjfbI?

pRo: ieMdr isMG 'Gwgf'

ipCly lMmy smyN qoN hr ivÈy nfl sbMDq pusqkF pVHdy rihxf iËMdgI df atuwt ihwsf bx igaf. iesy kfrn idmfg ivwc bhupwKI ivwcfrF df BMzfr iekwTf hoxf suBfvk hI sI. pMjfbI dy bhuq sfry BfÈf ivigafnIaF (BfÈf dy mfihr) dIaF ilKqF keI keI vfr pVHIaF. ivrilaF ƒ Cwzky bhuiqaF ny pihloN inrDfrq ‘‘swc`` hI ibnF iJjk ibnF idmfg ƒ Kycl idwiqaF, duhrf idwqf. ryq dI kMD vrgf ‘‘swc`` ieh BI Aucfiraf igaf. ‘‘aKy pMjfbI ilwpI gurU aMgd sfihb jI ny iqafr kIqI. iesy kfrn ies df nfm ‘‘gurmuKI`` ipaf.`` kuwJ iewk hor ‘‘isafxp`` ivKfAuNidaF ilK gey hn ik pMjfbI ilwpI gurU nfnk sfihb jI ny bxfeI, ilKI qy pRcwlq kIqI.`` Kudf KYr kry ieh iksy kfrKfny ivwc GVy jfx vfly iswky jF BFzy nhIN hn, ik vDIaf cmkdfr ijhy bxf ky, ssqy Bfa ivkx leI bËfr ivwc suwt idE, lokI Jwt KrId lYxgy. ieh koeI nvF PYÈn nhIN sI ik vyKidaF vyKidaF hI Gr Gr puwj jfvygf. bolI bxidaF, ivksq huMidaf, ilwpI iqafr kridaF lg mfqr qy Aucfrx inrDfrq huMidaF, ds vIh sfl nhIN, sO do sO sfl BI nhIN, hjfrF sfl df lMmF sPr qYh krnf pYNdf hY. ieh koeI imwsIaF rotIaF, gMZf qy lwsI df iglfs BI nhIN sI, ik gurU nfnk sfihb ny afey drÈn aiBlfKIaF ƒ Jwt pwt Ckf idwqf.

pMjfbI bolI aqy gurmuKI ilwpI df pRmfixk srUp sfƒ gurU gRMQ sfihb ivwcoN qF imldf hI hY. sgoN qy bfrvIN sdI ivwc hoey bfbf PrId jI dI ilKq ivwcoN BI pRfpq hY. gurU gRMQ sfihb ivcly sbUq sO pRqIÈq ivÈvfÈXog hn. ies mukfbly hor hr ilKq ÈMkfvF nfl iGrI hoeI hY. bfbf PrId jI dI ilKq dy drÈn kro, jo qyhrvIN sdI ivwc ilKI-bolI jFdI sI -

* PrIdf mY Bolfvf pg df mq mYlI hoie jfie..

gihlf rUh nf jfxeI isru BI imtI Kfie.. (1379)

* kMDI AuqY ruKVf ikcrk bMnY DIr..

PrIdf kcY BFzY rKIaY ikcru qfeI nIru.. (1382)

* syK hXfqI jig n koeI iQr rihaf..

ijsu afsix hm bYTy kyqy bYis gieaf.. (488)

sMn 1947 qwk sfrf mfJf lwgBg iehI TyT pMjfbI boldf sI. awgoN pfiksqfn ivwc cly gey ielfky BI iehI bolI bolx vfly sn. ies qoN pihlF (nOvIN sdI ivwc) gorK nfQ dIaF ilKqF imldIaF hn. AuhnF ivwc BI pMjfbI BfrU ‘‘sDUkVI`` BfÈf vrqI geI hY. nmUnf-

mF khy myrf pUq ivafihaf. kfZ dfm bfGx ly afieaf.

iglI lwkV ko Gux Kfieaf. (gorK dI rcnF)

pMjfb dy ksibaF, ipMzF ivwc awj qwk bfxIey lok vwKrI pCfx vfly vhI Kfqy rwKdy hn. iewQy dukfndfr lok ihMdI, aMgRyËI ilKx dI QFvyN, awj qwk inrMqr jo ilKq vhIaF ivwc ilwKdy af rhy hn, Aus ƒ ‘‘lMzy`` afiKaf jFdf hY. iesdy bfrF awKr hn. lg mfqr koeI nhIN hY. vpfrI lok iesƒ bfKUbI ilKdy pVHdy aqy smJdy hn. lwgBg pMjvIN CyvIN sdI qoN iesdy pRclx df ivÈvfÈ kIqf jf skdf hY.

pMjfb qy muslmfnI rfj hox krky iewQy pMjfbI ivwc arbI PfrsI qy psqo dy Èbd bhuqfq ivwc rldy gey. AuNÖ idwlI qoN lY ky jyhlm qwk, rfjsQfn qoN lY ky iÈmly qwk, (smyq jMmU dy) pMjfbI df hI bol bflf sI. Xfd rhy ihmfcl aqy hirafxy dI awj qfeI koeI suqMqr ilwpI nhIN hY. Bfrq ivwc ihMdU lfbI BfrU hox krky iehnF sUibaF ƒ ihMdI bolI vfly jbrI aYlfn kr idwqf igaf hY. jdoN ik iehnF dI bolI pMjfbI dy vDyry nËdIk hY. 47 qoN mgroN BfrqI hfkmF ny socI smJI sfijÈ qihq pMjfbI bolI df gl Guwtxf ÈurU kr idwqf. pMjfbI pRPuwlq hox nfl gurbfxI dI suwcI (pr bRfhmxI rIq-vYidk nIq dI ivroDI) qy mnuwKqf dI ihqYÈI, ivwcfrDfrf vDy PulygI. iswK ieiqhfs jfgRq hovygf. ies qrHF gurbfxI ivwc icqrq kIqy gey sohxy smfj dI isrjxf hovygI. jo ik ihMdU iPrkf pRsqF ƒ nhIN BfAuNdf. ihMdI dy vfDy nfl vYidk rIqF rsmF vDx PuwlxgIaF. BFvyN iensfnIaq df Gfx huMdf rhy, pr bRfhmx aqy KwqrI dIaF swqy KYrF.

afAu hux Ërf ihMdI dy ipCokV aqy purfqnqf bfry ivwcfr krIey. sfzy kol rivdfs jI, kbIr jI aqy nfmdyv jI vrgy prm purKF dI bfxI mOjUd hY. ies bfxI ƒ ihMdI dy nyVy qyVy afiKaf jf irhf hY. gurU qyg bhfdr jI dI rcnf ƒ BI ihMdI rlI bolI afiKaf jf irhf hY. jdoN ik ieh sO pRqIÈq JUT hY. asl ivwc ieh bolI jo sfry BgqF aqy gurU qyg bhfdr jI ny vrqI hY, ieh ‘‘sDUkVI`` bolI hY. Bfv ik hr iewk sfDU afpxy ielfky dy ÈbdF dI bhuqfq aqy bfkI sfDUaF vwloN vrqy jFdy sFJy ÈbdF dI vrqoN krky, afpxy ivcfr pRgt kiraf krdf sI. AuhnF simaF ivwc, ihMdI df ikDry nfmo inÈfn BI nhIN sI. asl ivwc hoieaf ies qrHF ik kuwJ QfvF qy ihMdU muKIaF vwloN 1835 ivwc, afpxy Drm aqy siBafcfr ƒ sMBflx leI aMgRyj srkfr awgy bynqI kIqI. gorI srkfr ny mMg pwqr Auicq ZMg nfl, ivsQfr sihq iqafr krky dyx leI ikhf. ihMdU muKIaF ny jo mMgF rwKIaF, Aus ivwc dyÈ dI sFJI sMprk bolI dI mMg BI kIqI geI. ikAuNik aijhI koeI bolI Bfrq ivwc nhIN sI jo sBnf ƒ prvfn huMdI. bs Ausy ‘‘sfD BfÈf`` (sDUkVI) ƒ prvfngI dyx dI gl kIqI. Ausy df nfm mgroN af ky ihMdI rwK ilaf igaf. ihMdI iksy sUby dI bolI nhIN sI, nf hY.

aglI iewk BfrqI bolI sI AuVd. ikAuNik aMgRyËF df rfj dunIaF Br ivwc PYilaf hoieaf sI. kudrqI hY ik dunIaF dy kony kony ivwcoN nOjvfnF ƒ POj ivwc BrqI kIqf jFdf sI. eyÈIaf mhFdIp dy POjI afps ivwc gwl bfq krn lwigaF, afpxy ielfky dy ÈbdF dI bhuqfq vflI PfrsI bolx dI koiÈÈ kiraf krdy sn. PfrsI ivwc ‘‘AuVd`` POjI ƒ afiKaf jFdf hY. ‘‘AuVd bjfrI`` POj ƒ kihMdy hn. ies qrHF POjIaF dI afpsI sMprk bolI ƒ ‘‘AurdU`` ikhf jfx lwg ipaf. AurdU ies leI ik ieMgilÈ ivwc ‘‘V`` awKr nhIN huMdf. AuQy ‘‘r`` nfl kMm cldf hY. jdoN ihMdUaF ny, ihMdU siBafcfr ƒ bcfAux leI duhfeI idwqI, qdoN hI (1835 ivwc) muslmfnF ny BI, afpxI sMprk bolI AuVdU svIkfr krvf leI. ieh Xfd rhy, awj qwk AuVdU iksy sUby iKwqy dI mfqr bolI nhIN hY. dyÈ dy btvfry qoN bfad BfrqI hfkmF ny, pfrlImYNt ivwc, iewk BfÈf bfry ibl pfs krvfx leI ilaFdf. mksd ieh sI ik dyÈ dI sMprk bolI ihMdI hovy jF ieMgilÈ. pfrlImYNt mYNbr awDo awD vMzy gey. iksy pfsy PYslf nf hoieaf. bVI jdoN jihd qoN bfad ‘‘srkfrI sfDn vrqky`` ig: gurmuK isMG musfiPr qoN ihMdI dy hwk ivwc iewk inrxfiewk vot pvfky Bfrq Br ivwc ihMdI sMprk bolI bxf idwqI geI.

sMsikRq dI purfqnqf ibafn krn qoN pihlF, ieqnf ku ipCokV dwsxf ËrUrI sI. hux dubfrf ies nukqy qy iDafn kyNdrq kro, ik PfrsI bolI ƒ ipafr krn vfly rfjsI qfkq vfly, muslmfn lok, iewk hËfr sfl qwk, Bfrq ivwc rfj krdy rihx dy bfvjUd PfrsI bolI ƒ lokF dI roËfnf bolcfl vflI bolI nhIN bxf sky. ilKqI kMm BfvyN sfrf hI PfrsI ivwc huMdf sI. PfrsI dy Èbd lok bolI ivwc pRvyÈ BI krdy jf rhy sn, pr mF bolI df drjf PfrsI ƒ pRfpq nhIN ho sikaf. iksy Èihr ksby jF ipMz ivwc smuwcy lokF dI roËmrf dI bolcfl vflI bolI PfrsI nf bx skI. kfrx ? ikAuNik ieh BfrqI lokF dI afpxI bolI nhIN sI, bdyÈ qoN afey lokF dI bolI sI. sMn 1600 ivwc eIst iezIaf kMpnI klwkqy ivwc sQfpq ho cuwkI sI. sfZy iqMn sO sfl qwk bMgflI lok ieMgilÈ dy KUb mfihr bx gey, Prftydfr aMgRyËI boldy sn. pr iksy iewk BI bMgfl vfsI dI mfq bolI ieMgilÈ nhIN bx skI. iesy qrHF bfkI Bfrq ivwc aMgRyËI bfry smJxf cfhIdf hY.

bRfhmx ny prcfr dy jor nfl pwQr dy tukiVaF ƒ ‘‘Bgvfn`` bxf ky sdIaF qwk lokF ƒ mUrK bxfieaf qy AuhnF dI pUjf krvfeI. sdIaF qoN kflpink dyviqaF ƒ Boly lokF dy mn msqwk ivwc Toisaf qy luwt ky KfDf. hjfrF sfl qoN sMsikRq ƒ ‘‘dyv bfxI`` hY df Zol bhuq AuØWcf ipwitaf igaf. ijvyN dyvqy klipq hn, iqvyN AuhnF dI bfxI dI purfqnqf klipq hY. Bfrq srkfr ny kfljF, XUnIvristIaF ivwc, sMsikRq ivBfg Kohly hoey hn. kroVF rupY df bwjt pRvfn kIqf jFdf hY. sMsikRq ivwc pusqk/lyK ilKx vfly ƒ ivÈyÈ ienfm snmfn idwqy jFdy hn. ryzIE tI[vI[ qy Kfs simaF qy, sMsikRq ivwc KbrF qy hor pRogrfm idwqy jFdy hn. ieqnf kuwJ krn dy bfvjUd, sMsikRq afKrI sfh igx rhI hY. purfxy gRMQ pVH skx vflf koeI ivrlf ivakqI lwBdf hY. myry afpxy jwdI iËlHy, pitafly ivwc, do ipMz aijhy hn, ijnHF dI bolI TyT pMjfbI nhIN hY. bhuq hwd qwk hirafxvI bolI nfl imldI juldI hY. sdIaF bIq geIaF iehnF dovyN ipMzF (klvfxUM) dI mfq bolI nhIN bdlI. ikAuNØk jnm qoN hI bwicaF ƒ mfqf ipqf duafrf iehI bolI suxn ƒ imldI hY. pMjfb dy ivwckfr rihMidaF BI, iehnF dI afpxI bolI awj qwk TyT pMjfbI nhIN bxI. pqf nhIN ikMnf vkq pihlF, iehnF ipMzF dy vzyry iksy aijhy iKwqy ivwcoN afky pitafly iËly ivwc iehnF do QfeIN ipMz vsf ley. bolI AuhI, ijQoN AuØWT ky afey sn, awj qwk pRcwlq hY.

pMjfbI ƒ pCfVn dy byaMq jqn hoey, pihlF iewk hËfr sfl qwk dPqrI bolI ÌfrsI bxfeI geI. aMgRyËI rfj dOrfn dPqrI srkfrI bolI ieMgilÈ bxfeI geI. jo awj qwk BI dPqrF ivwc vrqI ilKI jf rhI hY. dyÈ vMz qoN bfad pMjfbI ƒ ihwk dy qfx ihMdI dI dubyl bxfieaf jf irhf hY. pfiksqfnI pMjfb ivwc pMjfbI ƒ koeI mfnqf nhIN. gurmuKI ilwpI ƒ pfiksqfno dys inkflf imilaf hoieaf hY. iPr BI Auh lok pMjfbI boldy hn. aijhy bdqr hflfq ivwc BI dovF pMjfbF dI pMjfbI bolI jIvq hY qy jIvq rhygI. loV vkq Bfrq ivwc bhuq sfry lok ieMgilÈ boldy hn. ieMgilÈ pVdy ilKdy hn, bhuq sfry aKbfr rsfly qy pusqkF aMgRyËI ivwc CpdIaF hn. iPr BI sfry Bfrq ivwc iksy iewk BI ipMz jF ivakqI dI mfq bolI ieMgilÈ nhIN hY. kfrn ? ieh EprI bolI ju hoeI.

awj qwk pUrI qfkq lf ky prcfiraf igaf hY ik Bfrq dI sB qoN purfql bolI sMsikRq hY. sMsikRq purfqn BfÈf qF BfvyN hovy pr BfrqI bolI qF hrigË nhIN hY. jy ieh bolI BfrqI huMdI qF BfrqI iKwqy ivwc koeI iewk sUbf qF aijhf bicaf huMdf, ijwQoN dI ieh mfq bolI huMdI. koeI iewk Èihr, jF iewk ipMz qF sfry ivÈfl dyÈ ivwc huMdf, ijwQy vsdy sfry lok, roËfnf sMsikRq boldy, pVHdy ilKdy. dunIaF Br ivwc iewk BI mnuwK aijhf nhIN imlygf, jo sMsikRq ƒ mfq bolI dy qOr qy boldf hovy. ikAuNik sMsikRq ivwc bRfhmxI krmkFzI gRMQ ilKy hoey hn. jy sMsikRq QoVHy bhuq sfh lYNdI rhI qF pfKMzIaF df pfKMz cldf rhygf. BivwK dy mnuwK ƒ sMsikRq kuwJ BI dyx qoN asmrQ hY. vylf ivhf cuwky ivcfr, sMsikRq gRMQF ivwc bQyry iml jfxgy. ijvyN jyqU muslmfnF ny Bfrq ivwc rih ky pusqkF ilKIaF arbI PfrsI ivwc. Auh ikqfbF jfxkfrI qF koeI dy skdIaF hn. pr sfzI afpxI bolI ivwc nhIN hn. iesy qrHF bhuq sfry goiraF ny aMgRyËI ivwc ikqfbF ilKIaF. AuhnF ivwc igafn imldf hY, pr sfzI bolI ivwc nhIN hn. iesy qrHF sMsikRq ies dyÈ dI bolI nhIN hY. hjfrF sfl pihlF ijs iKwqy ivwcoN hmlfvr kbIly AuØWT ky afey sn, afpxy nfl kuwJ rIqI irvfj qy kuwJ kMm clfAU sMsikRq ilKqI gRMQ ilafey. jy sMsikRq AuhnF lokF dI mfq bolI huMdI qF Auh mrdI kdy nF. dunIaF ivwc kuwJ kbIly aijhy BI hn ijnf dI afbfdI kuwJ hËfr qwk hI rih geI hY. iPr BI AuhnF dI mfq bolI jIvq hY.

purfqnqf df Zol bhuq vwj igaf hY. ijvyN dyvqy kdI DrqI qy nhIN afey, iqvyN BfrqI DrqI dI ‘‘dyv bfxI sMsikRq`` afpxI nhIN hY. gurU nfnk sfihb jI ny dyviqaF dI bf-dlIl aslIaq sfzy snmuwK rwK idwqI hY. bRfhmx dy pfKMz aqy sdIaF qoN kIqI jf rhI aMnHI luwt df BFzf cOrfhy ivwc BMn idwqf hY. vydF dI ivcfrDfrf ny mnuwKqf ivwc vMzIaF qy ivhlVpuxf pf idwqf hY. aijhI iswiKaf dI awj koeI kImq nhIN hY. siqgurU jI ny afpxI pfvn bfxI gurmuwKI/pMjfbI ivwc Aucfrx krky ‘‘dyv bfxI`` sMsikRq ƒ gloN lfh idwqf hY. dunIaF ivwc pMjfbI bolx vfly lwgBg vIh kroV mnuwK hn. qy dyvbfxI ƒ bolx vflf koeI iewk pirMdf qwk nhIN. sMsikRq df JMzf cuwkI iPr rhy lok BI ies ƒ mfqbolI vFg nhIN boldy. kFsI dI ividaf bfry gur vfk -

kFÈI qy Duin AupjY Duin kFsI jfeI..

kfsI PUtI pMizqf Duin khf smfeI.. (857)

nf kfsI miq AupjY nf kfsI miq jfie..

siqgur imilaY miq AupjY qf ieh soJI pfie..

iehu mnu kfsI siB qIrQ isimRiq siqguir dIaf buJfie..

aTsiT qIrQ iqs sMig rhih ijin hir ihrdY rihaf smfie.. (491)

bVy duwK dI gwl hY muslmfn qy ihMdU pMjfbIaF ny bVI byhXfeI nfl pMjfbI mF bolI qoN mUMh moV ilaf hY. bolI ƒ Drm nfl joV idwqf hY. kuwJ bhuqy ‘‘mfzrn lok`` lgfqfr rt lfeI jf rhy hn ik asIN ‘‘pMjfbI kOm qy pMjfbI bolI``, pMjfbI swiBaqf ƒ pRPuwlq krn df Xqn kr rhy hF. bolI ƒ ‘‘Drm dI kYd`` ivc nhIN riKaf jf skdf. sinmr bynqI hY ik agr pMjfbI jIvn ivcoN iswKF dI sUrmgqI kwZ dyeIey, siqgurU jI vwloN kIqy Aupkfr ivsfr dyeIey, qF pMjfb ivc arfjkqf, bypqI, kfierqf aqy gdfrIaF qoN isvfey hor kI hY? ies pMjfbI bolI ƒ siqgurU jI ny afpxI pfvn bfxI ilKky amr bxf idwqf. nwcx gfAux vfly, BMzF vrgf jIvn bqIq krn vfly pMjfbI iswKI Dfrn krky sMsfr dy isrmOr sUrmy ho inbVy. jy iswK pMjfbI qy pMjfb ƒ nF apxfAuNdy qF awj qwk ieh dovyN hnyrIaF guPfvF ivc grk gey huMdy. iswK aikRqGx nhIN bxy. afpxf Prj bfKUbI inBfieaf. pMjfbI bolI aqy iswKI ƒ alwg rwiKaf hI nhIN jf skdf ieh dovyN iewko iswky dy pfsy hn.




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