‘jfpu’ sfihb sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI ‘bfxI’ hY. rihqnfimaF ivc siqgurU jI vloN hY ik hryk iswK hr rojL svyry Gwt qoN Gwt ‘jpu’ aqy ‘jfpu’ sfihb df pfT jLrUr kry.‘aMimRq’ iqafr krn vyly BI ieh bfxI pVHI jFdI hY.
pr afm vyKx ivc afAuNdf hY ik ijqnI loV ies ‘bfxI’ dI iswK afqimk jIvn ivc dwsI geI hY; Auqnf iDafn ies vwl nhIN idwqf jf irhf. iesdf kfrn ieh jfpdf hY ik ies ivc sMsikRq, arbI qy PfrsI dy bhuq ijLafdf lPjL hn, ijMnHF krky ieh bhuq aOKI lwgdI hY. ies aOiKafeI nUM dUr krn leI kuwJ tIky kIqy jf cuwky hn, pr Koj ky pVHn vfly ividafrQI dy idRsLtI-kox qoN Auh qswlI bKsL sfbq nhIN hoey.
sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI ‘bfxI’ ivcoN BfvyN mYN ieh pihlf tIkf pysL kr irhf hF, pr AunHF hI lIhF qy kIqf igaf hY jo jpu jI, BwtF dy svYXy, afsf dI vfr, suKmnI qy rfmklI swdu dy tIky krn ivc vrqIaF geIaF hn. ies gwl df Kfs iDafn rwiKaf igaf hY ik ‘bolI’ dy idRsLtI-kox qoN ividafrQI hryk musLkl lPjL qy Aus ivc dwsy Bfv nUM TIk qrHF smJ sky.
‘jfpu’ sfihb ivc keI lPjL muV muV keI vfr afAuNdy hn, ies vfsqy iesnUM jLubfnI Xfd krnF kfPI aOKf ho jFdf hY. jLubfnI Xfd hox qy BI jy iesdf pfT krn vyly surq hor pfsy iKMz jfey qf pfT Gwt hI isry cVHdf hY, ikAuNik ieko lPjL dy keI vfrI afAux krky pfT agFh ipCFh ho jFdf hY. so surq nUM iek QF rwKx ivc ieh ‘bfxI’ bhuq shfieqf krdI hY.
EprI njLry ies ‘bfxI’ nUM piVHaF ieAuN jfpdf hY ik ijvyN ies ivc pRmfqmf dy kyvl awzo awz guxF df hI muV muV ijLkr kIqf hY, qy ies ‘bfxI’ ivc iKaflF dI koeI iek sfr imlvIN lVI nhIN hY. pr mYN ies tIky ivc ieh dwisLaf hY ik ‘jfpu’ sfihb dy sfry 22 CMdF ivc iek-sfr qy imlvF Bfv imldf hY.
ihMdU lok sMsikRq nUM dyv-bfxI kih rhy sn. muslmfn isrP arbI afpxy mjHb ivc jfiejL qy shI smJdy sn. iek mq dy bMdy dUjy mq dI Dfrimk ikqfb dI ‘bolI’ nUM afpxy Dfrimk qrMg pRgt krn ivc vrqxoN nPrq kr rhy sn. pr sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ‘jfpu’ sfihb ivc sMsikRq arbI qy PfrsI dy lPjL vrq ky qy iswK kOm nUM ies ‘bfxI’ df hr rojL pfT krn df hukm dy ky ihMdU qy muslmfn kOm dI sdIaF dI qMg-idlI qy pwK-pfq nUM sdf leI iswKF dy idl ivcoN imtf idwqf hY.
gurU nfnk sfihb dy afAux smyN dysL ivc rsmI qOr qy ‘iqafgI’ aKvfAux vfly lokF dy huMidaF BI asl iqafg, Klk qy Klkq nfl ipafr bhuq Gwt vyKx ivc afAuNdf sI, dieaf qy sMqoK vflf jIvn ikqy ikqy ivrly QF sI. afm qOr qy iksy dysL dy ‘lok gIq’ Ausdy vfsIaF dy jIvn Auqy bVf zUMGf asr pFdy hn, pr eyQy Dfrimk jLfhrdfrI vD jfx krky ieh lok gIq vI dieaf, sMqoK, ipafr, kurbfnI afidk dy Ayucy iensfnI vlvilaF df hulfrf dyxo rih cuwky sn. gurU nfnk dyv jI ny ieMnHF ‘lok gIqF’ ivc nvIN jfn pfeI, ‘GoVIaF’, ‘CMq’, ‘alfhxIaF’, ‘sdu’, ‘bfrhmfh’, ‘lfvF’, ‘vfr’ afidk dysL pRcwlq ‘CMd’ vrq ky jIvn dy sfry mr cuwky pihlUaF ivc iPr ijLMd rumkf idwqI; swc, iqafg, ipafr, dieaf qy sMqoK dy qrMg afm jMnqf dy jIvn ivc suMdrqf pYdf krn lwg pey. gurU nfnk dyv jI dI sLFq rs ‘bfxI’ ny lokF nUM ivkfrF vwloN htfieaf. pr Auh ihrdf sdf pivwqr nhIN itikaf rih skdf ijs ivc josL df hulfrf nhIN, Auh gux ijAuN nhIN skdf jo AuqsLfh nhIN pYdf krdf. kfidr dI suMdrqf dy do pihlU hn; iek hY ‘jmfl’ (koml suMdrq) qy dUjf hY ‘jlfl’. iqafg, ipafr, dieaf qy sMqoK afidk mnuwKf jIvn dI koml suMdrqf hY, ijs nUM gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dI ‘bfxI’ ny pYdf kIqf. ies ‘jmfl’ nUM ijAuNdf rwKx leI ‘jlfl’ dI loV sI, bIr rs dI loV sI, ieh kMm ‘virafm mrd’ gurU goibMd isMG jI dy ihwsy afieaf. luqP ieh hY ik ieMnHF dI ‘bfxI’ ivc pRmfqmf dI hI isPq-slfh hY, pr lPjL aijhy vrqy hn qy lPjLF dI cfl dy ‘CMd’ aYsy vrqy hn ijMnHF nUM pVH-sux ky bIr-rs hulfry ivc afAuNdf hY. sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dI sfrI ‘bfxI’ ‘rfg’-vfr vMzI geI hY, pr gurU goibMd isMG jI dI ‘bfxI vwKo vwKry ‘CMdF’ anusfr vMzI hoeI hY, jo bIr-rs pYdf krn ivc shfeI huMdy hn, vyKo, bicwqR nftk ivc pRmfqmf nUM qyg-rUp afK ky aYsy lPjLF qy CMdF ivc nmskfr krdy hn ik icwq josL ivc af ky mfno, nwc AuTdf hY:_
Kg KMz ibhMzM, Kl dl KMzM, aiq rx mMzM, br bMzM]
Buj dMz aKMzM, qyj pRcMZM, joiq amMzM, Bfn pRBM]
suK sMqh krxM, durmiq drxM, iklivK hrxM, ais srxM]
jY jY jg kfrx, isRsit Aubfrx, mm pRiqpfrx, jY qygM]2]
sLfied ieMnHF hI do kfrnF krky sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny afpxI bfxI nUM sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb dI bfxI qoN vwKrf hI rihx idwqf.
Kflsf kflj, aMimRqsr sfihb isMG
1 jnvrI, 1944
CyvIN Cfp
ies tIky dI dUjI Cfp 1950 ivc, qIjI 1957 ivc, cOQI 1966 ivc, qy pMjvIN 1970 ivc pysL kIqI geI sI. mYN pfTkF df DMnvfdI hF, jo myrI hOslf aPjLfeI krdy hn.
57, josLI kflonI, mfl roz, aMimRqsr sfihb isMG
1975
jfpu sfihb kdoN qy ikwQy Aucfiraf igaf?
sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny sMn 1699 eI: ivc ‘aMimRq’ Ckf ky ‘Kflsf’ pMQ iqafr kIqf. ‘aMimRq’ iqafr krn vyly jo bfxIaF pVHIaF jFdIaF hn, AunHF ivc iek bfxI jfpu sihb hY. jo pMj isMG ‘aMimRq’ iqafr krdy hn, AunHF vfsqy ieh BI jLrUrI hy ik Auh afp ieMnHF bfxIaF df pfT krn dy nymI hox. so, ijnHF isMGF ny ‘Kflsf’ sjfx vfly idn pihlF ‘aMimRq’ iqafr krn ivc ihwsf ilaf, Auh jLrUr ieMnHF ‘bfxIaF’ dy pfT krn dy nymI sn, aqy AunHF nUM ‘jfpu’ sfihb jLubfnI Xfd sI.
‘pMj ipafry’ cuxn vyly koeI ieh ksOtI nhIN sI vrqI geI ik Auho hI awgy afAux ijMnHF nUM ‘jfpu’ sfihb jLbfnI Xfd hovy. pr ieMnHF ‘pMj ipafiraF’ df hI sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI vfsqy ‘aMimRq’ iqafr krnf hI jLfhr krdf hY ik AunHF nUM ‘jfpu’ BI jLbfnI Xfd sI. ieh sfbq krdf hY ik Aus vkq qwk iswK kOm ivc ‘jfpu’ sfihb df rojLfnf pfT afm pRcwlq sI. pihly idn pMJI hjLfr iswKF ny aMimRq Cikaf, Ckfx vfly keI jQy nflo nfl iqar huMdy gey, Auh sfry hI ‘jfpu’ sfihb df rojLfnf pfT dy nymI hoxgy, qfhINeyN aMimRq iqafr kr sky. ieh sfrI ivcfr awKF awgy rwiKaF iehI iswtf inkldf hY, ik ‘jfpu’ sfihb dy rojLfnf pfT df qdoN afm irvfjL sI.
ies bfxI dI ‘bxqr’ vyiKaF pqf cldf hY, ik ies ivc sMsikRq dy bhuq lPjL hn aqy hn BI kfPI musLkl. so ies bfxI dy pRclq hox leI kfPI smyN dI loV sI: Kfs qOr qy Aus hflq ivc jdoN ik afm lokF nUM, ‘bRfhmx’ qoN Aury Aury dy grIb lokF nUM, ‘sMsikRq’ qoN Kfs qOr qy vFiJaf rwiKaf jf irhf sI.
ieh iKafl BI, ik sLfied ‘Kflsf’ sjfx vfly idn siqgurU jI ny ‘aMimRq’ iqafr krn vfly isMGF pfsoN gutikaF qoN hI pfT krf ilaf hovy, prK dI ksvwtI Auqy TIk nhIN Auqrdf. ‘jfpu’ sfihb df pfT krky vyKo’ nvF bMdf jo sMsikRq qy PfrsI dohF qoN anjfx BI hovy, do cfr ds idnF dI imhnq nfl BI shI qrIky nfl pfT nhIN kr skdf. qy pihly idn hI gutikaF qoN pfT krky BI pfT krn vfilaF dy aMdr ies bfxI qoN pYdf hox vflf hulfrf qy AuqsLfh BI pYdf nhIN sI ho skdf. ies qrHF BI Auh sfrf ‘Audm’ insPl jFdf sI. so, Aupr dwsI ivcfr qoN iehI iswtf inkldf hY, ik ‘jfpu’ sfihb dI bfxI sMn 1699 qoN kfPI smF pihlF dI AucfrI hoeI sI aqy iswKF ivc iesdf pfT bhuq pRclq sI.
ieh gwl ieiqhfisk qOr qy bhuq pRiswD hY, ik gurU goibMd isMG jI pfs 52 ivdvfn kvI rihMdy sn, jo siqgurU jI dI ingrfnI hyT keI iksm dI AuqsLfh-jnk kivqf ilKdy sn. sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny guirafeI dI ijLMmyvfrI sMBflidaF hI vyK ilaf sI ik hux KMzf KVkx df smF iPr nyVy af irhf hY, qy ies ivc pUry Auqrn leI gurU nfnk dyv jI dy nfm- lyvf iswKF ivc bIr-rs BI Brn dI loV hY. hor qrIky vrqx dy nfl ieh BI jLrUrI hY ik josL BrI kivqf iqafr kIqI jfvy aqy ies dy suxn pVHn df vI afm iswKF ivc prcfr hovy. aijhy pRcfr df sB qoN sOKf qrIkf ‘kvI drbfr’ hI ho skdf hY. so, sRI klgIDr jI dI ingrfnI ivc AuqsLfh-jnk kivqfvF dy ‘kvI drbfr’ BI huMdy sn.
ieh ‘kvI drbfr’ kdoN qoN sLurU kIqy gey? ies bfry ieiqhfsk qOr qy sfnUM ieh Kbr imldI hY ik irafsq nfhn ivc jo sRI dsm pfqsLfh jI dy hwQfF df bixaF hoieaf gurdvfrf ‘pAuNtf sfihb’ hY, AuQy hjLUr ‘kvI drbfr’ lfieaf krdy sn (eysy asQfn dI iek kMD agsq 1942 ivc jmunf diraf dy hVH nfl ZwTI sI) so ieQoN do gwlF dI Kbr imlI—pihlI, jdoN siqgurU jI irafsq nfhn ivc gey, Aus smyN qoN pihlF hI afpdy pfs keI ivdvfn kvI af cuwky sn; dUjy, ieMnHF kvIaF dI AuqsLfh-jnk kivqf ‘kvI drbfrF’ ivc iswKF nUM suxfeI jFdI sI, qF ik iswKF ivc ‘bIr-rs’ vDy.
pr jo siqgurU jI ivdvfn kvIaF dI ieqnI kdr krdy hox, aqy ijMnHF dI afpxI BI Auc drjLy dI ‘bfxI’ sfzy pfs mOjUd hovy, AunHF bfry ieh aMdfjLf glq nhIN ik irafsq nfhn ivc bxy gurdvfrf ‘pAuNtf’ sfihb dy ‘kvI drbfrF’ ivc hjLUr dI afpxI ‘bfxI’ BI suxfeI jFdI sI aqy afp Aus vkq qwk mMny-pRmMny ‘kvI’ bx cuwky sn.
gurU goibMd isMG jI irafsq nfhn ivc sMn 1684 eI: ivc gey, qy AuQy iqMn sfl rhy. AunHI idnI (1684-87) Aus irafsq ivc jmunf ndI dy kMZy dI iekFq ivc ‘jfpu sfihb’ ‘svYXy’ aqy ‘akfl Ausqiq’ afidk bfxIaF AucfrIaF geIaF.‘jfpu sfihb’ aqy ‘svYXy’ rojLfnF pfT ivc sLfml hox vflIaF bfxIaF hox krky bhuq iswKF nUM ieh jLubfnI Xfd ho geIaF, aqy ‘aMimRq’ iqafr hox dy smyN sfDfrn qOr qy hI bQyry aYsy iswK iml sky ijMnHF nUM ieh jLubfnI kMT sn.
jfpu sfihb ivc arbI qy PfrsI
sMsikRq lPjLF qoN ielfvf ies bfxI ivc PfrsI qy arbI lPjL vI hn. iehnF lPjLF bfry qF Auho ijhI koeI guMJl nhIN, jo sMsikRq lPjLF ivc vyK afey hF; pr eyQy BI arbI bolI dy ivafkrx dy sMbMD ivc iek aOkV hY, jo TIk qrHF smJ lYxI jLrUrI hY.
sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI ‘bfxI’ ivc keI aYsIaF anoKIaF gwlF afAuNdIaF hn, ijMnHF nUM smJx vfsqy jy AunHF dI ‘bfxI’ qoN koeI bfhrlI ksvwtI vrqI jfey qF glqI Kf jfeIdI hY.‘ardfis’ ivc vrqy hoey lPjL ‘BgOqI’ bfry bhuq swjx twplf Kf jFdy hn, keI qF ies nUM ‘dyvI-vfck’ smJ ky ies nUM bfxI ivcoN kwZx df hI jqn krn lwg pYNdy hn, qy keI swjx ies nUM ‘qlvfr’ df arQ dy ky ieh kihx lwg pYNdy hn ik siqgurU goibMd isMG jI ny sLsqR-pUjf sLurU krf idwqI.‘bicwqr nftk’ ivc lPjL ‘kflkf’ vriqaf imldf hY; ies nUM pVH ky keI swjx qF ieh mMn rhy hn ik siqgurU jI ny ‘durgf’ dI pUjf kIqI hY, keI ieh kih rhy hn ik ieh bfxI siqgurU jI dI afpxI nhIN hY. BfeI gurdfs jI (dUjy) dI ‘vfr’ ivc ies lPjL ‘kflkf’ bfry iek quk ieAuN hY:
guir ismir mnfeI kflkf KMzy kI vylf]
pr lPjL ‘kflkf’ nUM shI qrIky nfl nf smJx krky keI swjx ies df pfT ieAuN krdy suxIdy hn:
gur ismir mnfieE kfl ko KMzy kI vylf]
ieMnHF BulyiKaF df asl kfrn ieh hY ik siqgurU goibMd isMG jI dI bfxI ivc vrqy hoey ieho ijhy lPjLF nUM smJx vfsqy asIN bfhroN koeI hor ksvwtI vrqdy hF. pr asl ivc AunHF dy BfvF nUM smJx df shI qrIkf ieh hY ik AunHF dI afpxI hI bfxI ivc hor hor QF vrqy hoey iehnF lPjLF nUM pVIHey qy iPr vyKIey ik Auh afp ieMnHF lPjLF nUM iks arQ ivc vrqdy hn. Auc-kotI dy kvI qy ivdvfn ilKfrI isrP pihlI mOjUd ‘bolI’ nUM hI suMdr qrIky nfl nhIN vrqdy sgoN ‘bolI’ ivc hor nvyN lPjL qy iKafl ilaf Brdy hn, qy keI mr cuwky lPjLF nUM nvIN ijMd pf ky nvyN rUp qy nvyN arQ ivc vrqdy hn.…
not:-pRo[ sfihb isMG jI (zI[ ilt) dI ilKI hoeI pusqk ‘jfpu sfihb stIk’ isMG bRdrjL, bjLfr mfeI syvF, aMimRqsr vwloN CfpI geI hY, ijsdf afeI aYs bI aYn 81-7202-077-1 (pypr bYk) aqy sijld df nM: 81-7205-146-8 hY.
