.

(qÉq sRI dmdmf sfihb (biTMzf) ivKy ÈI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dy mnfey jf rhy óúú sflf sMpUrnqf idvs ƒ smrpq ivÈyÈ lyK)

ÈRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dy ‘dmdmI srUp` df ieiqhfsk swc

jgqfr isMG jfck, afnryrI ieMtrnYÈnl iswK imÈnrI

ÈRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI` dI pfvn bIV df muwZlf qy pihlf srUp hY, mfnv-drdI gurU nfnk sfihb jI mhfrfj vloN ‘Driq lokfeI` ƒ soDx ihwq kIqy pRcfr dOiraF (AudfsIaF) vyly afpxI qy vwK vwK BgqF dI Aucfrn kIqI ‘Dur kI bfxI` df sMgRih rUp Auh ‘ikqfb` (poQI), ijs df iËkr BfeI gurdfs jI ny afpxy vloN ricq vfrF ivwc siqgurU jI dI ‘mwky mdIny` dI Xfqrf df vrnx kridaF do vfr ieAuN kIqf hY :

bfbf iPir mwky gieaf, nIl bsqR Dfry bnvfrI . afsf hiQ, ikqfb kiC, kUjf bFg muswlf DfrI . {vfr ñ,pAuVI óò}

puCin Poil ikqfb no, ihMdU vwzf ik muslmfnoeI ? bfbf afKy hfjIaF, suiB amlF bfJhuN dono roeI . {vfr ñ,pAuVI óó}

ÈRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dI pfvn bIV dy ivkfs ivwc dUjf srUp hY, pMcm pfqÈfh gurU arjn sfihb jI mhfrfj vloN sMn 1604 (sMmq 1661) ivwc sRI aMimRqsr ivKy iqafr kIqI Auh ‘poQI`, ijs ƒ hux ‘afid bIV` (poQI sfihb), ‘krqfrpurI bIV` jF ‘krqfrpurI srUp` kih ky siqkfiraf jFdf hY . ikAuNik, aYsf mMinaF jf irhf hY ik CyvyN pfqÈfh gurU hirgibMd sfihb jI dy vyly qoN ieh srUp, iqnHF dy sfihËfdy bfbf guridwqf jI dy byty aqy gurU hirrfey jI dy Brf bfbf DIrmwl jI dI sMqfn pfs sRI krqfrpur (jlMDr) ivKy suriKaq hY . ies bIV ivKy qqkry dy arMB AuWqy hyT ilKI ilKq hY :

‘‘sMmq ñööñ imqI BfdoAu vdI eykm ñ poQI iliK phucy .`` {dyKo, ipMsIpl joD isMG dI ilKq ‘krqfrpurI bIV dy drÈn` pMnf ô }

not krn vflI hkIkq hY ik ies bIV ivwc ‘so purKu` sMgRih dy ô ÈbdF (‘rfgu afsf mhlf ô .. so purKu inrMjn`u …… qoN lY ky ‘afsf mhlf õ .. BeI prfpiq mfnuK dyhurIaf .. … vfly Èbd qwk) qoN bgYr, gurU nfnk sfihb, gurU aMgd sfihb, gurU amrdfs sfihb, gurU rfmdfs sfihb, gurU arjn sfihb aqy gurU idRÈtI ivwc pRvfn cVHy pUjÎ BgqF, BwtF qy syvk iswKF dI Auh sfrI bfxI aMikq hY, ijhVI ajoky smyN pRkfÈq ho rhIaF pfvn bIVF dy ivwc drÈn dy rhI hY .

ÈRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dI pfvn bIV dy ivkfs ivwc qIjf srUp hY, dsm pfqÈfh gurU goibMd isMG sfihb jI mhfrfj vloN afpxI dyK-ryK hyT sRI anMdpur ivKy ÈoBnIk ‘sRI dmdmf sfihb` dy sQfn Aupr sMn 1682 (sMmq 1739) ivKy ‘so purKu` dy ô ÈbdF vfly sMgRih aqy nOvyN pfqÈfh dI bfxI smyq iqafr krvfeI pfvn bIV, ijs ƒ ‘dmdmI bIV` jF ‘dmdmI srUp` afiKaf jFdf hY . dsm pfqÈfh sMn 1708 ivwc sRI abcl ngr hËUr sfihb ivKy iesy hI ‘dmdmI srUp` nUM guirafeI bKÈky joqI-joiq smfey sn. asl iehI hY ÈRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dI sMpUrnqf df afKrI pVfE aQvf sMpUrnqf idvs . ikAuNik, guirafeI bÉÈx dy ies idhfVy qoN pihlF qF bfxI dIaF sfrIaF pfvn bIVF ƒ ‘poQI sfihb` kih ky hI siqkfiraf jFdf irhf. iehI kfrx hY ik ÈRomxI kmytI dI muwZlI qy pRiswD mfisk piqRkf ‘gurduafrf gËt`(jUn 1977) ivwc kmytI dy rIcrc skflr qy iswK rYPrYNs lfiebRyrI sRI aMimRqsr dy ieMcfrj sR: smÈyr isMG ‘aÈok` jI ny ‘‘ÈRI afid bIV` qoN ‘dmdmI bIV` dy ivkfs dI crcf kridaF iliKaf sI :-

‘‘ÈRI afid bIV` qoN ‘dmdmI bIV` df ivkfs qy Pyr Ausy bIV ƒ ‘ÈRI gurU grMQ sfihb jI` dI pivqr pdvI df pRfpq hoxf, ies bIV df aMqlf pVfE hY . sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ipqf sRI gurU qygbhfdr jI dI ÈhIdI qoN bfad sMmq 1732 qoN sMmq 1739 ibkRmI (sMn 1675 qoN 1682) qwk, ‘afid isMGfsn dmdmf` sRI anMdpur sfihb dy asQfn pur, jd ik gurU sihb jI dI Aumr ajy 9 qoN 15 virHaF dy dirimafn sI, afpxy siqkfr pVdfdf sRI gurU arjn dyv jI pMcm pfqÈfh dy ivrsy vjoN imly ‘sRI afd gRMQ` ƒ smyN dy Pyr nfl ho rhIaF adlf-bdlIaF hox qoN bVy Xqn nfl sMBfilaf qy Pyr afpxI dyK-ryK ivwc ÈhId ipqf ÈRI gurU qygbhfdr jI dI bfxI Aus ivwc bkfiedf QfAuN QfeIN Èfml krky, Ausy ‘afid bIV` ƒ dmdmI bIV df srUp sMmq 1739 ibkRmI (sMn 1682) ivwc idwqf . ijs df pRmfx ‘iswK rYPrYNs lfiebRyrI` dI purfqn hwQ ilKq nM: 97 vyK ky ho skdf hY``.

ÈhId iswK imÈnrI kflj dy ipRMsIpl hrBjn isMG (BfeI sfihb), ijhVy Auprokq swc dy kwtV hmfieqI qy pRcfrk sn, iqnHF ny ‘gurbfxI sMpfdn inrxY` pusqk ivKy, afpxy ieh hwkI-dfavy ƒ swc iswD krn dy mksd nfl, ÈRI gurU goibMd isMG jI mhfrfj dy sfbo kI qlvMzI (biTMzy) phuMcx dy sMmq 1762 (sMn 1705) qoN pihlF dIaF ijhVIaF vK vK ù bIVF df vyrvf idwqf hY, Aus ƒ vfc ky koeI vI mfeI df lfl ieh nhI kih skdf ik ‘afid bIV` ivwc nOvyN pfqÈfh dI bfxI sfbo kI qlvMzI cVHfeI geI aqy bIV sMpUrn hoeI . ipRMsIpl sfihb jI dy idwqy ies vyrvy ivwc sMmq 1739 (sMn 1682) vflI Auh bIV vI Èfml hY, ijs ƒ aÈok jI ‘dmdmI srUp` dsdy hn . ijvyN :

(ñ) sMmq 1739 vflI bIV :- ies ivwc ÈRI gurU qyg bhfdr jI dI sfrI bfxI aqy ‘sodru` dy 5 Èbd aqy ‘so purKu` dy 4 Èbd aMikq hn . rfg jYjfvMqI, ijs ivwc nOvYN mhly dy hI cfr Èbd hn, vrqmfn qrqIb anusfr, rfg pRBfqI dy bfad afAuNdy hn .

(ò) BfeI pfKr mwl iZloN poqrf cODrI lMgfh df, bIV ilKx df sMmq 1745 :- ies ivwc ÈRI gurU qyg bhfdr jI dI sfrI bfxI QF isr aMikq hY .‘so dru` dy 5 qy ‘so Gru` dy 4 Èbd vI . ies ivwc koeI vfDU bfxI drj nhI imldI .

‘afid isMGfsn dmdmf` (ÈRI anMdpur), qÉq sRI kysgV sihb dy jQydfr isMG sfihb igafnI guridafl isMG ajnohf hurF vloN 3 akqUbr 1976 ƒ ÈhId iswK imÈnrI kflj dy (mihrUm) ipRMsIpl hrBjn isMG ƒ ByjI ilKqI rfie anusfr Auh asQfn hY, ijQy bYT ky gurU goibMd isMG jI mhfrfj ny ‘afid ÈRI gurU grMQ sfihb jI` dI bIV ilKvfeI sI qy nfvyN pfqÈfh gurU qyg bhfdr sfihb jI dI bfxI cVvHfky bIV sMpUrn krvfeI sI`. (dyKo, ipRMsIpl jI dI pusqk ‘ibbyk-buwiD` pMnf ñôõ) igafnI grjf isMG (ilKq, gurduafrf gËt jUn 1954) anusfr iesI asQfn AuWqy 1733 ibkRmI muqfibk 24 mfrc 1676 eI: dI vYsfKI vfly idn ‘dsm pfqÈfh` ny siqgurU goibMd rfie, swcf pfqÈfh dI pdvI Dfrn kIqI sI . ies asQfn qy hI drbfrI ilKfrIaF pfsoN nfvyN pfqÈfh dy smyN qoN arMB kIqIaF ‘afid gRMQ sfihb` dIaF bIVF ivwc nfvyN mhly dI bfxI sfrI Èfml krky bIVF sMpUrn krfeIaF sn. ienHF ivcoN hyT ilKIaF bIVF (ivcly bfxI dy vyrvy qy sUcnfvF) kfbly gOr hn . ijvyN : (A) Zfky vflI bIV - sMmq ñ÷óò, imqI aghn ò, vdI ÷ grMQ iliKaf . {not: ieh bIV, nOvyN gurU jI dI ÈhIdI qoN 13 idn pihloN anMdpurI dmdmf sfihb ivKy, mwGr vdI ÷ ƒ sMpUrn hoeI sI. (dyKo: gurbfxI sMpfdn inrxY, pM:202) } (a) ipMzI lflf (gujrfq) vflI bIV- sUcI pqR sMmq ñ÷óò poh òó qyvIvyN poQI iliK phuMcy . { not: ies bIV AuWqy nfvyN pfqÈfh dy hsqfKr hn aqy AunHF dI sfrI bfxI iewk QF iekwTI hI ilKI hoeI hY . gurbfxI sMpfdn inrxY, pM:òúò) } (s) sUcI pqR poQI kf, qqkrF rfgF kf, sMmq ñ÷óõ, vYsfK ñó poQI iliK phuMcy . { ies poQI ivwc nOvyN pfqÈfh dI bfxI vI drj hY aqy mMgl iewk smfn pihlF hn. (gurbfxI sMpfdn inrxY, pM:òúò) }

ies leI XUnIvristI pitaflf dy pRo: ipafrf isMG ‘pdm` df ieh inrxf sO pRqIÈq swc hY ik : ‘‘BfeI bMno, pihlf iswK sI, ijs ny ‘afid bIV` qoN dUjf Auqfrf iqafr krvfieaf . iPr ienHF bIVF qoN awgy keI Auqfry hoey . ipCoN, sRI gurU qygbhfdr jI dy smyN, AunHF dI bfxI drj hox lwgI . pr, hr ilKfrI afpxI mrËI anusfr ijwQy ikqy Auqfrf kr lYNdf sI . iksy ny jYqsrI nfl jYjfvMqI dy Èbd drj kIqy, iksy ny aÉIr AuWqy aqy iksy ny iewky QF ‘nfvy gurU dI bfxI ilKI .

ÈRI gurU goibMd isMG jI` ny BfeI mnI isMG jI dI agvfeI ivwc ‘anMdpur vfly dmdmy` bIVF ilKx df kMm krvfieaf, qF ik iewky iksm dI pRmfxIk qrqIb rhy . ipCoN ieh Gtnf ‘sfbo kI qlvMzI` vfly dmdmy nfl joV idwqI geI . ieh TIk hY ik AuQy vI bIVF ilKx df BfrI kMm ipCoN hoieaf, pr pihly ieh kMm ‘anMdpur vfly dmdmy` kfPI arsy huMdf irhf. mukdI gwl ieh hY ik aMiqm rUp vflI bIV ‘dmdmI bIV` dy nF nfl pukfrI geI aqy iesy ‘dmdmI srUp` ƒ svIkfr krky hux ‘afid ÈRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI` df Cfpy duafrf pRkfÈn kIqf jFdf hY`` . {pusqk ‘gurU gRMQ pRkfÈ` pMnF 41}

gurU-ÈrDf nfl lbryË pUjÎ ipRMsIpl qyjf isMG qy pRiswD ieiqhfskfr zfktr gMzf isMG jI duafrf iml ky ilKI aMgryËI dI pRiswD pusqk ‘A Short History of the Sikhs’ ivc iliKaf hY : ‘The Guru managed to reach Talvandi Sabo, now called Damdama or resting place. Here he stayed for nine months with an influential Sikh named Dalla and made it a great seat of learnig. It is often described as Guru’s kashi. The Guru, while here, is said by some later writers, to have reproduced whole Adi Granth from memory, and completed it by adding the hymns omposed by his father. This miracle of memory is not recorded by the Gurbilas or the Surj Prakash. That the hymans of the ninth Guru were incorporated here is contradicted by the fact that there is a copy of Holy Granth at Patna, bearing the date 1748 BK.(1691AD.) containing the hymans of Guru Teg bahadur in there proper places. There is another such copy found at Dacca, which was written even than this in 1675AD. In the first year of Guru Gobind Singh’s accession’.

{AuulwQf:- (gurU goibMd isMG jI) ijvyN ikvyN qlvMzI sfbo phuMcy ijs ƒ hux dmdmf (sfihb) jF (gurU jI dy) arfm krn vflI QF krky swidaf jFdf hY . eyQy, afp iewk jbHy vfly (BfeI) zwlf nfmI iswK pfs nO mhIny Tihry aqy ies ƒ ividaf pRfpqI df mhfn asQfn bxfieaf . ies ƒ afm krky ‘gurU kI kFÈI` swidaf jFdf hY . bfad dy ilKfrIaF dy kihx anusfr siqgurF ny afpxI ÈkqI duafrf sfry ‘afid gRMQ` ƒ Aucfrx kIqf . pRMqU, cyqf ÈkqI dI ieh krfmfq ‘guriblfs` jF ‘sUrj pRkfÈ` ny rIkfrz nhI kIqf . nOvyN siqgurF dI bfxI cVHfAux dy dfavy ƒ ieh hkIkq KMzn krdI hY ik ptnf sfihb ivKy sMmq 1748 ibkRmI (sMn 1691 eI:) dI ilKI bIV mOjUd hY, ijs ivwc ÈRI gurU qygbhfdr jI dI bfxI QF isr aMkq hY . ies qoN ibnF Zfky ivKy iewk hor bIV surwiKaq hY, jo ies qoN vI pihlF sMn ñö÷õ eI: dI hY, ijhVI dsvyN siqgurF dy gwdI AuWqy ibrfjmfn hox dy pihly sfl ivwc hI ilKI geI sI .}

ikAuNik, bMsfvlI nfmy (sMmq 1826) dy ilKfrI kysr isMG iCbr vloN sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI mhfrfj vloN sRI anMdpur sfihb ivKy sMn 1696 (sMmq 1753) ƒ bfbf DIrml jI qoN sRI krqfrpurI bIV df koeI Auqfrf mMgfAux qy gurU jI vloN afpxI rsnf qoN koeI bIV Aucfrn dI Gtnf dy vyrvf, aqy dUjy, lOgovfl (sMgrUr) dy jMmpl qy inrmly sfDU ig: igafn isMG jI (1822 eI: qoN 1921) duafrf vIhvIN sdI dy muwZly dOr ivwc rcIaF do rcnfvF ‘pMQ pRkfÈ qy qvfrIÉ gurU Éflsf` ivwc sfbo kI qlvMzI (biTMzy) ivKy sMn 1705 (sMmq 1762) ƒ gurU jI vloN, kyvl DIrml df AulHfmf (jy ‘gibMd isMG` afpxy afp ƒ gurU aKvFdf hY qF Auh nvIN bIV Aucfrn kr lvy) Auqfrn leI Aucfrn kIqI bIV dI ielfkfpRsqI dy pRBfv hyT GVI khfxI, ieiqhfsk-swc dy sfhmxy muwZoN hI rwd ho jFdI hY . ikAuNik, iewk qF bMsfvlI nfmy qy pMQ-pRkfÈ dy ilKy sMmq qy GtnfvF df vyrvf afps ivwc nhI imldf . dUjy, Bwt vhIaF dI pRmfxIk qy akwt gvfhI iswD krdI hY ik bfbf DIrmwl qy Auhdy byty rfm cMd ƒ qF gurU goibMd isMG jI dy gurgwdI bYTx dy pihly sfl ivwc aqy gurU jI dy sfbo kI qlvMzI phuMcx qoN 29 sfl pihlF hI bfdÈfh aOrMgËyb df hukm nfl sMmq 1733 (sMn 1676) ivwc igRPqfr kIqf jf cuwkf sI aqy iPr rxQMbOr dy ikly ivwc nËrbMd rwK ky iPr agly hI sfl sMmq 1734 (sMn 1677) ivwc AuQy hI kql vI kr idwqf igaf sI aqy Aus dy byty ‘rfm cMd` ƒ sMmq 1735 (sMn 1678) ivwc . ipRMsIpl hrBjn isMG jI pusqk ‘ibbyk buiD` ivKy pMnf 132 `qy Bwt vhIaF dI ilKq ies pRkfr hY: ‘‘sMmq ñ÷óó ibkrmI asU vdI duafdÈI ƒ bfbf bkflf qoN bfbf DIrmwl jI idwlI srkfr dy bulfey idwlI ƒ gey . {gur pRxflI krqfrpur soZIaF, ilKq dAulq rfie Bwt, lfhOr invfsI} ñ÷óô ibkrmI, mGr sudI dUj, Èukrvfr ƒ, bfbf DIrmwl jI, gurU goibMd isMG jI dy qfieaf-jfd BfeI, gVH rxQMBOr ivwc iewk sfl, do mhIny, pMj idn nËrbMdI ivwc rih ky, zyZ pihr idn cVHy gurpurI isDfry . {Bwt vhI mulqfn-isMDI qy cilqr joqI joiq smfvny df, afid bIVf buMgf rfgIaF, hËUr sfihb}

so ies krky spÈt hY ik pMcm pfqÈfh gurU arjn sfihb jI dI sMn 1604 ivwc sRI aMimRqsr ivKy poQI sfihb dy rUp ivwc sMpfdq kIqI ‘afid bIV`(poQI sfihb), pihlF ‘krqfrpurI srUp` dy nfm qoN pRiswD hoeI aqy iPr ÈRI anMdpurI dmdmf sfihb ivKy dsm pfqÈfh gurU goibMd isMG jI mhfrfj dI dyK-ryK hyT Ausy hI bIV ny sMn 1682 (sMmq 1739) ivwc ‘dmdmI srUp` Dfrn kIqf . ies srUp ƒ sRI hËUr sfihb (nMdyV) ivKy sMn 1708 (sMmq 1765) ƒ dsvyN pfqÈfh ny joqI-joiq smfvx vyly gur-gwdI bÉÈ ky ‘ÈRI gurU gRMQ sfihb` jI dy ajoky srUp ivwc sMpUrnqf dI pdvI qy phuMcfieaf . iehI kfrn hY ik zyrydfrI dy pRBfv hyT ivcrn vfly biTMzy ijly dy iewk do kmytI mYNbrF qy pRcfrk sjxF dy Ëor dyx AuWqy jdoN ÈRomxI kmytI ny akflI dl dI rfjInqk nIqI qihq sMn 1997 ivKy afpxI jMqrI ivwc ‘ÈRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dy sMpUrnqf idvs` df iËkr krnf pRvfn kr ilaf qF ipRMsIpl hrBjn isMG jI, ijhVy Aus vyly Drm pRcfr kmytI mYNbr sn, iqnHF ny ros pRgt kridaF iliKaf sI :

‘‘sB qoN vwzf Kyd hY ik ÈRomxI kmytI, ibnF prKy pVcoly dy, afpxI ÈRomxI jMqrI ñùù÷ ivwc ies gYr-ieiqhfsk Gtnf ƒ pwikaF kr rhI hY ik ‘ÈRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI` dI sMpUrnqf idn óú agsq hY, ÈRI dmdmy sfihb . { ibbyk buiD-pMnf 148}

iesy qrHF sRomxI kmytI dy virHaF bwDI lgBg awDI sdI skwqr rih cuwky bËurg sR : mihMdr isMG jI (aMimRqsr) ny ipCly idnI aÉbfrF ivwc lyK ky Aus vyly ivroD jqfieaf sI, jdoN ÈRomxI kmytI ny sfbo kI qlvMzI (qÉq) sRI dmdmf sfihb ivKy sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI df iqMn sO sflf sMpUrnqf idvs mnfAux df PYslf kIqf . ikAuNik, ipRMsIpl jI vFg AunHF ƒ vI idisaf ik ies PYsly ipCy rfjInqk iswK afgUaF dIaF suafrQI qy ielfkfvfdI sMkIrx rucIaF dy nfl nfl, ibprvfdI iswK zyiraF ivwc plI sMprdfeI soc vI CupI hoeI hY, ijhVI ÈqfbdIaF dy Èor-Èrfby ivwc aigafnqf-vws qy jfx bwJ ky pRcfrIaF aqy afpxy pRBfv hyT gur-asQfnF ivwc lfgU kIqIaF glq rvfieqF ƒ swcIaF qy pMQ-pRvfixq iswD krky sdf leI kfiem krn ihwq XqnÈIl hY, qF jo JUT dIaF nIhF AuWpr KVHy AunHF dy sMprdfeI mhwl itky rih skx, ijnHF ivwc buwZf ibprvfd luikaf hoieaf hY, ijhVf sdf nOjvfn rihx vfly Éflsf pMQ dy AuWjly BivK leI aiq hfnIkfrk hY .

gurU-pMQ df dfs

jgqfr isMG jfck, inAUXfrk[ sfbkf gRMQI sRI drbfr sfihb, aMimRqsr.

imqI : agsq 22, 2006




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