pRo: ieMdr isMG 'Gwgf'
ipCly idnIN BfeI iekbfl isMG ptnf sfihb dy pujfrI aqy BfeI
muihMdr isMG romfxf (pRDfn) dI mirafdf bfry kuwJ gMBIr qlK klfmI hoeI aÉbfrF
ivwc CpI. romfxf jI ny akfl qÉq sfihb vwloN pRvfinq iswK rihq mirafdf dy hwk
ivwc ivcfr pRgt kIqy, nfl AuhnF ieh BI ikhf ik bRfhmxI krmkFz, DUPF, joqF,
twlIaF, GiVaflF gurU GrF ivwc vrijq hn, pr sfzy jQydfr iehI bRfhmxI krm kr rhy
hn, nfl hI jo ptnf sfihb qy hjUr sfihb ivKy gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dy brfbr dsm gRMQ
df pRkfÈ kIqf jFdf hY, Aus dI krVI aflocnf kIqI. iesy kfrn BfeI iekbfl isMG
AuØWbl pey. AuhnF afAuNidaF hI ptnf sfihb qoN Éq ilK ky (hukmnfmf ?) romfxf jI
ƒ iswDf hI iswKI ivwcoN cldf kr idwqf. jdoN romfxf jI ny aMimRqsr apIl kIqI qF
akfl qÉq dy syvfdfr ny iekbfl isMG dI icwTI qy rok lf idwqI. gwl kI ies Gtnf
krm ny iswK pMQ dI srmsfrI ivwc hor vfDf kr idwqf. ik vyKo sfzy pujfrI (jQydfr)
ikwQy Kloqy hn.
ies gurmq ivroDI pfp krm ƒ TIk iswD krn leI iekbfl isMG jI
ny pUrf qfx lfAuNidaF hux hor kwdU ivwc qIr mfr idwqf hY. AuhnF ny kuwJ purfxy
gRMQF dy hvfly dyx dI kucyÈtf BrI bdnIqI rfhIN ieh iswD krn dI koiÈÈ kIqI hY,
‘‘aKy ptnf sfihb qF gurU nfnk sfihb jI ny hI qÉq bxf idwqf sI jdoN sflsrfey
ƒ mMjI qy ibTf ky dsqfr bKÈ idwqI.`` E Bwdr purKo! ikAuN duwD ivwc kFjI pfAux
lwgy ho ? ies qrHF kIiqaF nf qF qÉq bxdf hY nf qKq df jQydfr bxdf hY. Auh sfry
(sfls rfey qoN lYky bfad qwk) Drm pRcfrk sn, qÉq aqy jQydfr df qdoN nfmo inÈfn
nhIN sI. siqgurU nfnk sfihb jI ny bhuq sfry iswKF ƒ Drmsfl bxfAux leI hukm
kIqf. DrmÈfl bnx qoN bfad iewk muKI iswK sfry kMm ƒ srMjfm idMdf. iesy qrHF
BfeI lflo ƒ sYdpur ivwc mMjIdfr Qfipaf. swjx (Twg) jI ƒ qulMby df mMjIdfr
bxfieaf. BfeI mnsuK ƒ lfhOr df pRcfrk bxfieaf. gwl kI jgn nfQ purI, kfÈI,
lMkf, ihmflf prbq, iqwbq, nypfl, mwkf mdInf, ijwQy BI siqgurU gey, prcfrk Qfpy.
mMjIaF bÉÈIaF, kI Auh sfry asQfn qÉq mMn ley jfxgy ? kdI BI nhIN, iPr qF
siqgurU nfnk sfihb df jnm asQfn qlvMzI hI sB qoN pihlF qÉq svIkfr krnf pvygf.
iewQy hI gwl nhIN mukygI, sgoN siqgurU amrdfs jI ny hor bfeI mMjIaF dI bKiÈÈ
AØuWqm jIvn vfly iswKF ƒ kIqI qy vwKo-vwK ielfikaF ivwc pRcfrk Qfipaf. iPr ieh
bfeI iswK syvk BI jQydfr aKvfAuxgy ? qy iehnF dy sfry asQfn ‘‘qKq sfihb`` bx
jfxgy ? AuhnF bfeI iswKF dy nfm mhfnkoÈ dy pMnf nM: 847 qy vyKy jf skdy hn. ijs
Èbd df iËkr BfeI iekbfl isMG ny kIqf hY Aus ivwc (990 vflf) mMjI qÉq jF
jQydfrI df ikDry iËkr nhIN hY. ijMLdgI dy suDfr vfsqy hI sfrI gurbfxI Aucfrx
kIqI geI hY iksy ƒ ‘‘qÉq`` qy ibTfAux nfl GsIt ky nF joVI jfvy. iesy qrHF
dy Èbd kFsI, gieaf, lMkf, qulMby, sYdpur, lfhOr afidk anyk QfvF qy siqgurU jI
ny Aucfrx kIqy hn. kI Auh sfry QF qÉq bxf leIey ? siqgurU jI iks asQfn qy ikMnf
smF rhy ies nfl koeI Prk nhIN pYx lwgf. qlvMzI krIb vIh sfl rhy, sulqfnpur aTfrF
sfl rhy. krqfrpur BI lwgBg siqgurU vIh sfl ibrfjy qF kI ieh sfry qÉq bx gey ?
syvfdfr qF sfry hI iswK hn. siqgurU jI dy ieiqhfsk sQfn sfry hI Bly hn pr ‘‘qÉq
qy jQydfr`` ies qrHF nhIN bxfey jf skdy. iPr Zfky df BUmIaf cor, kOzf rfKs,
nUrÈfh jfdUgrnI[[[[ ieh BI sfry qÉqF dy jQydfr sn ?
gurU hirgoibMd sfihb jI ny ptny dI sMgq df kfbl dI sMgq vfsqy
‘‘myrf Kflsf`` ÉqF ivwc iliKaf hY. kI Éq ivwc Kflsf ilKx nfl hI qÉq bx
jFdf hY ? AuhnF ny qy hor BI bhuq Éq ilKy sn ?
BfeI idafl dfs ƒ nyk iensfn pivwqr jIvn vflf jfxky siqgurU
jI ny muwK syvfdfr ptnf ivKy lf idwqf TIk hY. pr BfeI iekbfl isMG ƒ siqgurU ny
nyk clxI df koeI sfrtIPIkyt nhIN idwqf. idafldfs dI pdvI afpxy nfm iKwc ky joVnI
ikhVI idafnqdfrI hY ?
hux dyKo JUT dy pYr nhIN huMdy vflI gwl, ‘‘ies qÉq df
nfm krx dsm pfqÈfh ny kIqf`` BfeI iekbfl isMG ilKdf hY. gurU nfnk sfihb qoN lY
ky dsm pfqÈfh qwk ieh QF ibnF iksy nfm qoN hI clI afAuNdI sI ? aglI gwl iekbfl
isMG ilKdf hY ik mfqf suMdrI jI ny BfeI lfl pflf qy BfeI sMgo jI ƒ hukmnfmf dy
ky Byijaf. kI gurU nfnk qy gurU goibMd isMG jI vfly hukmnfmy smF ivhf gey sn ?
mfqf suMdrI jI ƒ pMQ dI gurqf nhIN idwqI geI, iPr AuhnF ƒ hukmnfmy jfrI krn df
aiDkfr pRfpq ikvyN ho igaf ? kihMdy hn jF qF bMdf JUT boly hI nf jy bolx lwg hI
ipaf qF vwzy qoN vwzf JUT boly mfVf DIVf ikAuN boly ? BfeI iekbfl isMG ny qF ieh
BI ilK mfiraf ik akfl qÉq sfihb kyvl pMjfb qwk sImq hY. bfkI sfrI dunIaF qF
ptnf sfihb dy aDIn hY. vfh BfeI jI vfh. ijwQy srbwq Kflsy juVdy rhy, ijQy vYrI
bfr bfr hmly krdy rhy, ijwQy CyvNy pfqÈfh POjF qoN nËrfny lYNdy rhy, ijQy vwzy
vwzy nvfb bfdÈfh Juwkdy rhy, Auh qÉq Cotf ho igaf qy ptnf sfihb ijsdI koeI
srgrm BUimkf nhIN rhI Auh sfrI dunIaF df kyNdr Durf ?
BfeI iekbfl isMG dI aglI ilKI pMkqI pVHo - ‘‘gurU qyg
bhfdr sfihb jI ƒ Aus smyN hirmMdr sfihb aMimRqsr dy syvfdfrF ny drbfr sfihb
ivwc dfKl nf hox idwqf. nf hI akfl qÉq afAux idwqf, 50 gj dI dUrI qy bYT ky
vfps cly gey.``
gurU dI mhfn pdvI dy mflko! kI iesy kfrn akfl qKq Cotf ho
igaf ik gurU qyg bhfdr aMdr nhIN jf sky ? ptnf sfihb gurU aMgd, gurU amrdfs,
gurU rfmdfs, gurU hirgoibMd, gurU hirrfie, gurU hir ikRÈn ivwcoN koeI BI
siqgurU nhIN afieaf. jdoN (gurU) goibMd rfey df jnm hoieaf sI qdoN Auh iswKF dy
gurU nhIN sn. sfZy nON sfl dI Aumr ivwc 1675 ƒ Auh gurU bxy sn qy gurU bxn qoN
bfad kdy ptny afey nhIN kI jvfb hY ies gwl df ? jo kuwJ akfl qÉq qy ho irhf hY,
Auhdy ivcoN bhuq kuwJ glq ho irhf hY pr ptnf sfihb ivKy BI qF bhuq kuwJ glq ho
irhf hY, soco ?
igafnI iekbfl isMG jI ptnf sfihb qwk sImq rihMdy qF bhuq cMgf
sI. Auh qF hËUr sfihb dy BI mflk bxdy nËr afAuNdy hn. ijwQy dsm ipqf kuwJ
mhIny rhy Auh qÉq ikvyN bx igaf ? koeI sbUq nhIN idwqf igaf. ‘‘sB isKn ko
hukm hY gurU mfinE gRMQ`` bs ieMnF vfk kih dyx nfl hI qÉq bx igaf. siqgurU jI
ny ijwQy bYT ky BI AupdyÈ kIqf iPr qF AuhI qKq bx jfvygf. pihlF sfry pfsy hI
anMq gurdvfry mOjUd hn. hux iPr iehnF sfiraF df nfm bdl ky ‘‘qÉq`` rwK
dyeIey ? TIk hY ? pr BfeI iekbfl isMG qF sfrI iswK kOm ƒ pMQ ivwcoN ‘‘Cykx``
leI iqafr nËr afAuNdy hn.
ikMnf cMgf huMdf jy BfeI iekbfl isG iksy aijhy purfqn
hukmnfmy df iËkr krdy jo ptnf sfihb dy jQydfr ny Kflsf pMQ vfsqy jfrI kIqf
huMdf. jF iksy ƒ pMQ ivwc Cykx vfly purfxy hukmnfmy df hI iËkr kr idMdy pr
nhIN kr sky. Ausy ikqfb ivwc zf[ gMzf isMG ny awj qwk iewk hukmnfmf jfrI hoxf
iliKaf hY. sgoN Auh AugrfhI dI apIl hY, hukmnfmf nhIN hY. sMn 1862 PrvrI 4 ƒ
ielfkf invfsI sMgqF ƒ ikhf igaf hY ik PrÈ aqy inÈfn sfihb dI syvf ivwc ihwsf
pfE. hor koeI hukmnfmf iewQoN (ptnf) jF hjUr sfihb qoN kdy jfrI nhIN hoieaf.
purfqn ilKqF ivwc jQydfr imslF dy muKI ƒ ikhf jFdf sI gurU Gr dy gRMQI ƒ
jQydfr nhIN ikhf jFdf sI. sB qoN vwzI supRIm kort dyÈ ivwc iewk hI hoieaf krdI
hY. qy hfeIkortF bhuqIaF ho skdIaF hn. pqf nhIN BfeI iekbfl isMG pMQ df kI
sMvfrnf cfhuMdy hn iehnF hukmnfimaF duafrf. axigxq Kq (hukmnfimaF dy nfm aDIn)
akfl qKq sfihb qoN afpxy ivroDIaF ƒ nIvF idKfAux vfsqy jfrI ho cuwky hn. rfjsI
lokF ny jQydfrF ƒ aqy akfl qÉq ƒ afpxIaF injI loVF vfsqy vriqaf hY. gurmq qoN
swKxy axpVH ivakqI iswKF dy pOp bxy nËr afAuNdy hn. gur mirafdf qoN Ault cwlx
vfly rfjnIqk bdidafnqdfr lIzrF ƒ, aqy pfKMzI lfxy sfDF ƒ nwQ pfAux vfsqy aKOqI
jQydfrF ny kdy koeI Tos kfrvfeI krn dI juarwq nhIN kIqI. Drm pRcfr vwl kdI iDafn
nhIN idwqf jFdf. pMQ rsfql vwl grkdf jf irhf hY, afpo DfpI peI hoeI hY. vwKo
vwKrIaF mirafdfvF bxf leIaF hn. nÈy, piqq puxf, bRfhmxI krmkFz afid ƒ rokx
vfsqy kdI iksy pujfrI (jQydfr) ny iDafn hI nhIN idwqf. pr jdoN koeI iswK akl dI
gwl kih dyvy qdoN hI pujfrIaF ƒ bhuq guwsf afAuNdf hY. sbMDq ivakqI ƒ pMQ
ivcoN Cyk ky bhuq vwzI ‘‘syvf`` kr rhy huMdy hn. kfÈ ik pMjy qKq iewko
mirafdf ivwc bwJ jfx. Drm pRcfr dI nvIN lihr clf dyx. pMQ dI eykqf vfsqy sfrQk
Auprfly krn qy jo gwl krnI hovy dlIl ivcfr nfl krn. ieho jodVI hY ieho ardfs hY.
