.

jIvn JWlk-dsmysL ipqf

gurU goibMd isMG jI

ipRMsIpl igafnI surjIq isMG, isWK imsLnrI, idWlI

afgmn- jgq gurU, gurU nfnk sfihb dy dsvyN srUp sfihb sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI mhfrfj df afgmn 22 dsMbr, sMn 1666 eI: nUM pWtnf sfihb, ibhfr pRFq ‘c hoieaf. aWjklH ieQy gurduafrf drbfr sfihb, pWtnf sfihb susLoBq hYY aqy isWK pMQ dy mMny jf rhy pMj qKLqF ivcoN ieh dUsrf qWKLq hY. afp nfvyN siqgurU, gurU qyg bhfdr jI dI ieklOqI sMqfn sn. afp dy mfqf, mfqf gujrI jI sn. afp jI nUM dsvyN pfqsLfh hox kfrx ‘dsmysL ipqf’ kihky vI Xfd kIqf jFdf hY. afp hWQ ‘c bfjL rWKdy, isr qy klgLI sjfAuNdy, nIly nfmk GoVy dI svfrI krdy sn. ienHF kfrnf krky afp nUM ‘bfjF vflf siqgurU’ ‘nIly dy sLfh-asvfr’ aqy ‘klgI vflf’ pfqsLfh afdk iBMn-iBMn siqkfr jog AupnfvF nfl vI Xfd kIqf jFdf hY.

  rfjsI hflfq- afp dy afgmn smyN Bfrq ‘c aOrMgjLyb df sLfsn sI aqy hkUmq dy julmF dI asImqf sI. rfjsI jLulmF df isWDf insLfnf Aus smyN dI ihMdU jMqf sI. ihMdUaF ivWckfr afqmiglfnI Brn vflf ‘jjLIaf tYks’, ihMdUaF nUM dyxf pYNdf sI. ieh tYks bRfhmx vrg Aupr lfgU nhIN sI huMdf. iesy df nqIjf sI ik ieh vrg ihMdUaF df afgU hox dy bfvjUd, apxy afp ‘c hkUmq df hI hWQ-Tokf bixaf ipaf sI. kyvl ZMg dUjf sI, pr bRfhmx vI afm ihMdUaF dI luWt-KsuWt ‘c iksy qoN ipWCy nhIN sI. anykF dyvI-dyviqaF dI pUjf-arcf, vr-srfp, sgn-rIqF, vihm-Brm, jhflqF-kropIaF, tUxy-prCfivaF afid df BrvF pRcfr krky-rfjsI jLulmF kfrn pihlF qoN inrbWl ho cuWky ihMdUaF nUM apxI ies luWt-KsuWt nfl hor vI inrbWl kr irhf sI. sfry pfsy mMdrF dI Zfho-ZfhI cl rhI sI. keI ieiqhfsk mMdr vI Zfey jf cuWky sn, nvyN mMdr bxfAux qy pfbMdI sI. ihMdU iqAuhfrF qy tYks lgdy sn. mMdrF ‘c sLMK pUrn, GMty vjfAux ‘qy sMsikRq pVHn qy vI pfbMdI sI. GrF ‘c pfxI dI splfeI gAU dy qfjLy bWCVy dI KWlL rfhIN phuMcfeI jFdI sI. hkUmq rfhIN ihMdUaF nUM muslmfn bxfAuxf qF rojL df kMm sI. pRcln muqfbk ‘rojLfnf svf mx jMjU Auqfiraf jFdf sI’ Drm qWbdIl krky jF kWql krky. jd hkUmq dI apxI pflsI hI jLulm-aiqafcfr vflI hovygI qF jxF-KxF Cotf aihlkfr vI afpxy aPLsrF dI KusLnUdI hfsl krn vfsqy, vwzf jLflm bx jFdf hY. ihMdU zoly, jfiedfdF idn dIvIN lutIaF jFdIaF pr koeI puWCx vflf nhIN sI.

jLulm kyvl ihMdUaF Aupr hI ikAuN?- ies sfry jLulm aWiqafcfr dy do hI muWK kfrx sn, (1)- muslmfn mUloN hI iek alHf-qflf dy pRcfrI sn aqy Auh buWq-pRsqF (mUrqI-pUjkF) nUM kfPLr (nfsqk) mMxdy sn. AunHF nUM muslmfn bnfAuxf jF KLWqm kr dyxf, buWq Kfinaf (mMdrF) nUM qoV dyxf, alHf-qflf dI vWzI iebfdq (syvf) ‘qy pRsqsL (pUjf) mMxdy sn. (2)- aOrMgjLyb ny qWKLq hfsl krn leI apxy iqMnF BrfvF ‘qy AunHF dIaF anykF hmfieqI muslmfn PLOjF-aPLsrF nUM kWql krvfieaf sI. Auhny apxy ipqf sLfhjhF nUM kYd krky afgry dI jyl ‘c suWitaf, ijWQy AusdI mOq ho geI. iesqrHF KLud muslmfnF ‘c hI AusdI BWrvIN bdnfmI ho geI sI. apxI sfK nUM muslmfnF ‘c pWkf krn vfsqy aqy afpxy rfj-pft pRfpqI df kfrn AunH dI dI syvf sfbq krn leI Aus ny afpxI jLulm dI qWlvfr nUM ihMdUaF vWl moiVaf. vWD qoN vWD dihsLq pYdf kIqI. aWj Bfrq srkfr leI jo ksLmIr smWisaf bxI peI hY, Bfrq ‘coN hI jo pfiksqfn bixaf hY-ienHF ‘c kfbl, kMDfr qoN afey muslmfn nhIN blik Aus vWkq dy Drm-qWbdIl ihMdU pRvfr hI hn. ksLmIr dy rih cuWky muWK mMqrI bKLsLI gulfm muhMmd-afiKr ‘bKLsLI’ qF hY hI bRfhmx mWq nfl sMbMDq brfdrI, iesyqrHF hor anykF brfdrIaF. aijhy hflqF ny Bfrq dy ihMdUaF nUM sfhsWq-hIxy ‘qy idWlhfry bxf idWqf sI. hriek jLulm nUM ikWsmq mMn ilaf jFdf, sfry pfsy hfhfkfr mWcI peI sI.

  rfjsI jLulmF df syk gurU drbfr qy nhIN sI- KUbI ieh ik jLulm dI ies hnyrI df gurUdrbfr qy AuWkf syk nhIN sI. gur asQfn aWj vI inWq nvyN vWs ‘qy Ausr rhy sn. afp dy ipqf, nOvyN pfqsLfh cfhuMdy qF TfT nfl anMdpur sfihb itWky rih skdy sn. pr mfnvqf dy sWcy drdI-gurU pfqsLfh, rWQ dy bMidaF ‘qy ho rhy jLulm ‘c kyvl qmfsLbIn bxky nhIN sn rih skdy. GWbrfey lokF nUM Zfrs dyx leI, gurbfxI dy CWitaF nfl AunHF aMdr inzWrqf Brx ‘qy isWK Drm dy AuWcy suWcy pRcfr leI-nOvyN pfqsLfh, Aus smyN pUrb dysL dy dOry qy sn.

dsmysL jI df afgmn- ies dOry dOrfn ipqf gurU jdoN pWtnf puWjy qF Gr ‘c icrfgL rOsLn hox vflf sI. 45 sflF dI ZWlvIN Aumr, anMdkfrj nUM bWqI (32) vrHy bIq cuWky sn. aijhy smyN ipqf dyy mn ‘c ikho jhy vWlvly ho skdy sn? lokI qF ruJyvyN CWzky pRvfr ‘c puWj jFdy hn. kmfl df ijWgrf, byimsfl drd sI AunHF dy mn ‘c KLflk dI KLWlkq leI. nONvNy gurdyv pRvfr nUM pWtnf ivKy gurU ky isWK, BfeI jYqy hlvfeI ‘qy sMgqF kol CWzky, afp Zfky nUM cl pey. pRvfr nUM AuQy CWzx qoN kyvl do mhIinaF bfd, afp df jnm, apxy ipqf dI gYr-hfjLrI ‘c hoieaf.

gurU ipqf nfl pihlf imlfp- nOvyN pfqsLfh nUM sfihbjLfdy dy afgmn dI KLWbr Zfky ‘c imlI. ikMnI sihk ‘qy vWlvly hoxgy apxy lfzly nUM vyKx leI. pWtny dIaF sMgqF dy nfm kyvl hukmnfmf ilK Byijaf, afp iPr vI nhIN prqy. afp rfhIN Zfky ‘c rukx df hI nqIjf sI ik vWzf KUn-Krfbf tWl igaf. nOvyN pfqsLfh ny AuQy ahomI rfjf cWkrDvWj aqy aOrMgjyb vloN Byjy rfjf rfm isMG dIaF PojF ivWckfr sulfh krvfeI. ieh sulfh afp qoN ibnf asMBv sI. (gurU) goibMd isMG jI Aus smyN lgBg sfZy iqMn sfl dy sn jdoN sMn 1670 eI: nUM ipqf gurU ny apxy hoxhfr nUM pihlI vfrI af ky vyiKaf. puWqr moh iPr hfr igaf ‘qy lokfeI df drd bfjLI mfr igaf. gurdyv ruky nhIN, anMdpur sfihb nUM cl pey qy pRvfr nUM vI AuQy hI bulf Byijaf. dsmysL jI dI sLsqr ividaf aqy pVHfeI df sfrf pRbMD, afAux vfly smyN dIaF loVF nUM muWK rKky, ipWqf gurU jI dI apxI dyK-ryK ‘c hoieaf. 

pWtny qoN kUc- ikMnf kruxfmeI idRsL hovygf jdoN bfl gurU ny pWtny nUM CWizaf hovygf? gurUdr aMdr lokfeI leI byaMq drd ny pWtnf vfsIaF dI sfrI hmdrdI nUM apxy vWl iKWc riKaf sI. afiKLr AunHF leI hI qF nONvy gurdyv ny apxI ijLMdgI dy ieWk-ieWk pWl jLoKm ‘c pfieaf ‘qy apxy afp nUM by-afrfm kIqf hoieaf sI. KLUbI ieh, ik ieh sB AunHF lokF leI, ijnHF dI rihnI Bfv dyvI-dyviqaF dI pUjf-arcf, iqlk, jMjU, jfq-vrx, ilMg-Byd, sgn-rIqF, tyvy-mhUrq afid bRfhmxI pRBUsqf ivcoN iksy iek vI ivsLvfs nfl gurUdr kdy sihmq nhIN sI. blik idn rfq afp vI iesy ivruWD pRcfr kr irhf sI,; pr jLulm qF ho irhf sI rWb dy bMidaF qy. ieQy hI bWs nhIN, bfl dsmysL jI dI axI sLKsIaq dI iKWc vI GWt nhIN sI. ielfky ‘c hfxIaF dy srdfr huMdy sn,. qIr kmfn, PLOjI kvfiedF afid sUrimaF jrnYlF vfly krqWb hI afpjI dIaF inWq dIaF KyzF sn. lMÕdy nvfbF-aPLsrF dy mUMh icVfxy ‘qy bicWaF ‘c bIr rs Brnf, qIrF nfl GVy BMn dyxy-pMzq isLvdWq qF inWq hI, afp dy aMdroN apxy iesLt, sRI rfmcMdr dy drsLn krdf ‘qy mWQf tykdf sI. rfjf Pqih cMd mYnI ‘qy AusdI rfxI AunHF qoN vfry-vfry jFdy sn, aWj vI mYnI sMgq iesdf sbUq pysL kr rhI hY. ieh kuJ iesLfry hn jo dsmysL jI dI bfl lIlHf ivcoN sfbq krdy hn ik aijhy smyN pWtny dIaF glIaF-muhWly vI ro AuTy hoxgy.

ksLmIrI pMMzqF dI PrXfd gurUdr qy hI ikAuN?- Aus smyN dy rfjsI hflfq aqy ihMdUaF Aupr ho rhy jLulmF dI sMkyq mfqr qsvIr af cuWkI hY. ksLmIr dy gvRnr sLyr aPgn ny Pærmfn jfrI kIqf ‘ksLmIr dy sfry pMzq jF qF muslmfn ho jfx nhIN qF kWql kr idWqy jfxgy’ ksLmIr dy pMzq, ihMdUaF df idmfgL mMny jFdy sn. hkUmq cfhuMdI sI, jykr ienHF nUM KWqm kr idWqf jfvy qF rihMdy-KUMhdy ihMdU AunHF leI mslf nhIN rih jfxgy. rfjpUq-mrhWty qF pihlF hI dbfey jf cuWky sn. sfry Bfrq ‘c ienHF nUM koeI shfrf nhIN sI. Auh jfxdy sn ik ienHF hflfqF ‘c jykr koeI shfeI ho skdf sI qF Auh kyvl gurUdr hI sI. hriek aOkV-BIVf, mhfmfrI smyN kyvl gurUdrbfr hI agy afANdf ‘qy apxy afp nUM KWqry ‘c pfAuNdf sI. iesy hkUmq nfl CyvyN pfqsLfh ny cfr jMgF lVIaF ‘qy cfry hI ijWqIaF sn. sWqvyN pfqsLfh ny iesy hkUmq dy jLulmF ivruWD, Bfrq dy ieiqhfs ‘c pihlI vfrI nf-imlvrqx lihr eclfeI ‘qy inBfeI vI. aOrMgjLyb jdoN rfj-pRfpqI leI apxI hI mF jfey BrfvF nfl KUn ryjLf jMg leI aWgy vWD irhf sI qF sWqvyN pfqsLfh ny apxIaF PæOjF nUM aWgy krky, Ausdf rWsqf roikaf qy KUn-Krfby nUM tfilaf. gurUdr aMdr kuWt-kuWt ky Bry hoey lokfeI leI drd, ihMmq aqy dlyrI qoN sfry vfikP sn.

  bfl dsmysL dI by-imsfl dlyrI- pMzq ikRpf rfm dI pRDfngI hyT ksLmIr dy pMzqF df vPLd anMdpur sfihb puWjf. apxy duWKVy suxfey aqy PrXfd kIqI. rfj mWd ‘c aMnHI hkUmq rfhIN jfrI kIqy jf cuWky Purmfn ‘c dKl dyxf, bldI aWg ‘c Cfl mfrn dy quWl sI. ieWQy iksy idRVH ierfdy, mrd sUrmy, in:svfrQ, propkfrI, jrnYl dI hI loV sI. Auh sUrmf, ijhVf rfj mWd ‘c aMnI ho cuWkI hkUmq nUM vMgfry, smJfey-loV pvy qF sLhIdI vI dy dyvy pr mjLlUmF dI bFh nf CWzy. ieh kMm hr iksy dy vWs df nhI sI. nOvyN pfqsLfh ny sLrn afieaF dI bFh PLVx df PLYslf kr ilaf. nO sfl dy bflk dsmysL jI, ipqf gurU dy PYsly qoN GWbrfey nhIN. ipqf dy PLYsly ‘c rukfvt nhIN pfeI, blik sihmqI pRgt kIqI.

gurgWdI dI pfRpqI- hkUmq jdoN afpxI aVI qoN ipWCy nf htI qF 11 nvMbr, 1675 eI: nUM nOvyN pfqsLfh ny asIm idRVHqf df sbUq dyNdy hoey, idWlI ivKy inqfxy, mjLlUm ihMdUaF qy ho rhy jLulmF qy TWlH pfAux leI apxI kurbfnI dy idWqI. ies sQfn qy aWjklH gurduafrf sIs gMj (idWlI) kfiem hY. sLhfdq qoN pihlF nOvyN pfqsLfh ny afpxy nfl afey pMj is‘KF ivcoN, BfeI guridWqf jI rfhIN gurgWdI dI ijLmyvfrI afp jI nUM iBWjvf idWqI sI. asIm azolqf- nONvy pfqsLfh dI sLhfdq AuprMq, BfeI jYqf jI jdoN nOvyN pfqsLfh df sIs lY ky afp pfs puWjy qF bVy siqkfr sihq, ipqf gurU dy sIs df sskfr, apxy kr kmlF nfl kIqf. gurgWdI pRfpqI AupRMq ieh afp dI azolqf dI asImqf sI. sskfr sQfn qy vI gurduafrf sIs gMj, anMdpur sfihb kfiem hY.

juafnIaF aqy sLsLqR gurUdr dI Byt-CyvyN pfqsLfh ny 2200 sLsqRDfrI POj kfiem rWKx df hukm kIqf sI. dsmysL jI ny smyN dI loV nUM muWK rWKdy hoey AunHF PLOjF ‘c hor vfDf arMB kr idWqf. hukmnfmy Byjy ik gurU dI Bytf leI GoVy qy sLsqR afid hI ilaFdy jfx. POj dI BrqI leI juafnIaF arpx kIqIaF jfx. sZOry dy pIr buWDU sLfh ny afpxy 500 pTfxF df jWQf Byt kIqf.

aikRqGx phfVI ihMdU rfjy- phfVI ihMdU rfijaF Aupr gurU dr dy BfrI aihsfn sn. ienHF dy vWizaF nUM gvflIar dI jylH ‘coN irhfeI CyvyN pfqsLfh dy kfrx hI hoeI sI. iPLr vI ieh aikRqGxqf qoN bfjL nf afey. ienHF nUM idWkq sI ik gurUdr dI agvfeI kfrn lokfeI ‘c jfgRqI ikAuN af rhI sI? klH qIk dy inqfxy qy aKOqI sLUdrF coN hux lokIN sLsqRDfrI joDy sWj ky AuBr rhy sn, ies ‘c AunHF dI hyTI sI. iek pMkq dy lMgr, iek srovr dy sFJy iesLnfnF ‘qy sFJIaF sMgqF nUM dyK-dyK ienHF jfq aiBmfinaF, CUq-Cfq, vrxvfd dy sLYdfeIaF nUM gurUdr qF pihly jfmy qoN hI hjLm nhIN sI ho irhf. CyvyN jfmy qoN qF isWK sLsqRDfrI vI ho cuWky sn. AunHF anusfr, sLsqRF Aupr kyvl AunHF df hI hWk sI. AunHF muqfbk ies pKoN gurUdr dI qfkq ajy ijLafdf nhIN sI aqy iksy vI bhfny ienHF nUM kuWcilaf jf skdf sI. vYsy vI jMqf dI jfgRqI, rfjsI lutyiraF nUM kdy nhIN BfAuNdI. ies nfl AunHF dy kfly kfrnfmy aqy vfDU dIaF mOjF ‘c PLrk af jFdf hY. phfVI ihMdU rfijaF ny apxy afkf-mugLl hfkmF dy kMn Bry, AunHF nUM cWuikaf "gurUdrbfr kfrn AunHF nUM tYks nhIN imldy, Auh srkfrI muafmlf ikvyN dyx?" dUjy ienHF apxf sfVf vI kWZxf sI. ienHF nUM ieh vI BulyKf sI ik Auh isWKF nUM kucl jF dubyl qF jLrUr hI bxf lYxgy.

pfAuNtf sfihb dI sQfpnf aqy sfihq rcnf- BMgfxI df ielfkf pfAuNtf sihb qoN sWq mIl dI ivWQ qy hY. jmnf kMZy pfAuNtf sfihb df rmxIk sQfn dsmysL jI ny afp vsfieaf sI. mhfn sfihq pRymI gurdyv ies invykly sQfn qy sfihq kcnf krdy ‘qy krvfAuNdy. isWKF ‘c bIr rWs nUM qyjLI nfl Brx leI gurdyv ny sMn 1682 ‘c ieWk bVf BfrI ngfrf bxvfieaf ijsnUM ‘rxjIq ngfry’ df nfm idWqf igaf. jdoN ies ngfry qy cot vWjdI qF vWzy-vWzy sUrmy vI dihl jFdyy. afp dy drbfr ‘c 52 kvI sn. inWq nNvIaF rcnfvF rfhIN sMgqF ‘c bIr rs Biraf jFdf. BfsLf ‘qy sfjLF Aupr afp jI dI kmfl dI pWkV sI. gurU jI pMjfbI, ihMdI PLfrsI, arbI, sMsikRq dy mhfn ivdvfn sn; ieQoN qIk BfsLfvF dy imlfp qoN loV anusfr nvIN qoN nvIN sLWbdfvlI nUM jnm dy dyNdy. afp qfAus bVf kmfl df vjFdy sn. pfAuNtf sfihb dy ies sQfn qy hI afpjI ny byaMq sfihq dI rcnf kIqI qy krvfeI vI. ieh sfrf sfihq ijs df sMklx ‘ividaf Dr’ jF ‘ividaf sfgr’ nfmk gRMQ ‘c sI, anMdpur sfihb CWzx AupRMq srsf dI ByNt ho igaf jF dusLmxf ny sfV idWqf. ieiqhfskfrF ny iesdf vjLn nO mx dWisaf hY. pMQ pRvfxq bfxI jfpu sfihb, akfl AusqWq, 33 svYXy afid rcnfvF dsmysL jI rfhIN pfAuNtf sfihb dy rmxIk sQfn /qy hI rWcIaF mMnIaF jFdIaF hn.

BMgfxI df juWD- aMq ienHF phfVI ihMdU rfijaF ny pUrI iqafrI nfl gurU drbfr qy hmlf bol idWqf. ieh jMg 15 apRYl 1687 nUM hoeI. dusLmx ny, pIr buWDU sLfh vloN Byjy 500 pTfxF ivcoN cfr sO nUM Auksf ky rfqo-rfq afpxy nfl imlf ilaf. jdoN ies df pqf pIr buWDU sLfh nUM lWgf qF AunHy bVI sLRimMdgI mihsUs kIqI. Auh apxy cfr spuWqRF, do BrfvF aqy sWq sO murIdF smyq af ky jMg ‘c hfjLr ho igaf. BMgfxI dy sQfn qy Gmfsfn juWD hoieaf. ies jMg ‘c gurdyv dI BUaf bIbI vIro dy pMj spuWqRF, mfmf ikRpfl cMd aqy AudfsI mhMq ikRpfl dfs ny vI ihWsf ilaf. jMg ‘c gurdyv dI ijWq hoeI. ieh afp df pihlf juWD sI. ies jMg ‘c pIr buWDU sLfh dy do spuWq, iek Brf, bIbI vIro dy doo spu‘qR sMgo sLfh ‘qy jIq ml sLhId ho gey. phfVI rfijaF ivcoN iqMn rfjy vI mfry gey. cyqyy rhy! gurU drbfr nf hI qF kdy iksy qy hmlfvr hoieaf hY ‘qy nf hI iksy Drm ivsLysL dy hWk jF ivroD ‘c liVaf hY. gurUdr dI jMg BfvyN ivcfrDfrf dI jMg rhI hovy jF sLsqRF dI, Auh jMg sdf jLulm-DWky, pfKMz dy ivruD aqy dilWqF, kuWcilaF, mjLlUmF dy hWk ‘c hI sI.

sMn 1687 dI ies jMg qoN bfd gurdyv anMdpur sfihb af gey ‘qy sMn 1704 qIk ieQy hI rhy. ies dohrfn hI sMn 1688 ‘c nodon dI jMg aqy sMn 1689 ‘c husYnI juWD hoieaf. iesy dohrfn sMn 1697 ‘c BfeI nMd lfl afp dI sLrx ‘c afey AupRMq isWK sWj ky nMd lfl qoN nMd lfl isMG bxy.

crx pfhul qoN KMzy dI pfhul- isWK Drm ‘c pRvysL leI ‘crx pfhul’ df nIXm gurU nfnk pfqsLfh qoN hI arMB hoieaf sI. ies df ZMg, gurU pfqsLfh jF afiDkfrI sWjxF vloN, bfxI pVH ky jigafsU nUM bfxI dy crnF nfl joVxf huMdf sI. cyqy rhy! pYr (crx) Duaf ky iplfAux vflf asWB qy dUsLq qrIkf gurUdr ny kdy vI pRvfn nhIN sI kIqf. sfbq sUrq, sMpUrx kysfDfrI rWbI srUp ‘c rihMdy hoey, gurbfxI isiKaf qy clx df pRx lYxf hI ‘crx pfhul’ df mWksd huMdf sI. sMn 1675 qoN 1699 eI: qIk dsmysL jI ny vI 24 sfl ‘crx pfhul’ vflf iehI nIXm vriqaf. sMn 1699 eI: dI ivsfKI nUM gurdyv ny pfhul CWkfAux df ieh ZMg ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ ‘c bdl idWqf pr mUl afsLf AuhI sI ijhVf ik pihly jfmy qoN cldf af irhf sI.

pMQ dI sfjnf kIqI- bfxI df KjLfnf iqafr ho cuWkf sI. gurU df sdIvI afqmk srUp pihlF qy hux vI gurbfxI hI sI. agy df kMm qF kyvl gurbfxI qoN pRgt hox vflI ‘juWgq’ Bfv ‘jIvn-jfc’ nUM vrqfAuxf sI. afp df pRogRfm hux ies ‘juWgq’ vrqfAux vflI ijMmyvfrI nUM pMQ pfs bdlx df sI. afp ny anMdpur sfihb dy mOjUdf qKLæq sRI kysgVH sfihb dy sQfn qy ivsfKI sMn 1699 eI: nUM Aucycf smfgm sWidaf. gurUdr qy ivsfKI df sflfnf joV-myl gurU nfnk pfqsLfh dy ivsfK ‘c afgmn kfrn arMB ho igaf sI. ies smfgm leI dUr-dUr qIk swdf-pwqr Byjy gey. Bry dIvfn ‘c acfnk gurdyv ny pMj isrF dI mMg kr leI. ies dy leI pMjF ny apxy afp nUM pysL kIqf. CyvF isr pfqsLfh ny mMigaf hI nhIN sI ies leIy AusdI loV hI nhIN peI. AupRMq dsmysL jI ny ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ afp iekilaF hI iqafr kIqI qy AunHF pMjF nUM CWkfeI. iesqrHF ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ rfhIN isWK Drm ‘c pRvysL dy ZMg df arMB kr idWqf. hux afp ny ies kfrj nUM pMj pfhul DfrIaF dy rUp ‘c pMQ dy spurd kr idWqf. iesdy leI vI gurdyv ny AunHF pMjF agy mWQf tyk ky sB qoN pihlF AunHF qoN afp pfhul leI. iesy qbdIlI nUM ‘pMQ dI sfjnf’ Bfv ies idn qoN isWK Drm ‘c pRvysL krvfAux aqy bfxI juWgq nUM vrqfAux vflI ijLmyvfrI pMQ pfs dy ieWqI. 

pMjF agy mWQf tyikaf- iesqrHF pMj isWKF dI cox kIqI aqy KMzy-bfty dI pfhul dyky AunHF nUM ‘pMj ipafry’ aYlfixaf igaf. iPr dsmysL jI ny AunHF pMjF agy apxf isr JuWkf idWqf. afiKr iehI ZMg qF pihly jfmy qoN hI cldf af irhf sI. gurU nfnk pfqsLfh ny, gurU aMgd sfihb aWgy mWQf tykky gurgWdI dI sONpxf kIqI sI. gurU aMgd sfihb ny gurU amrdfs jI aWgy. TIk iesyqrHF ies cldy af rhy nIXm anusfr aWj ienHF pMjF aWgy isr Jukfky gurdyv ny juWgq vrqfAux vflI srIrk ijLMmyvfrI smuWcy qOr qy pMjF nUM sONp idWqI. ipWClyry ieiqhfs ‘c dfdU dI kWbr nUM klfm aqy pMjF rfhIN afp nUM qnKfhIaf krfr dyxf; pMjF rfhIN dsmysL jI nUM cmkOr dI gVHI CWzx df hukm. pMj ipafiraF rfhIN srIrk rUp ‘c pMQ aMdr gurbfxI juWgq nUM vrqfAux dy vfirs krfr dyx dy spsLWt sbUq hn.

  pMjF pfsoN dsmysL jI ny pfhul leI?- aglf hukm, bdly hoey inXmF anusfr sfiraF nUM nvyN isirAuN ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ lYx df sI. ieiqhfskfrF anusfr Aus smyN 80,000 pRfxIaF ny pihlIaF pMkqF ‘c ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ nUM pRfpq kIqf. ieQy do glF ivsLysL iDafn mMgdIaF hn. (1) pihly pMj ipafiraF leI jo ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ df bftf iqafr hoieaf jF pihly pMjF nUM CWkfieaf vI qF Auh dsmysL jI ny ieWkilaF afp hI sB kuJ kIqf sI. ikAuNik afp pihlF qoN hI kyvl ‘pfhul pRfpq’ hI nhIN blik ‘gurU pd’ nUM vI pRfpq sn. (2) hux jdoN bdly hoey nIXmf anusfr sfiraF nUM nvyN isirAuN pfhul lYx df hukm kIqf qF pMj ipafiraF sfhmxy sWB qoN pihlF pysL vI apxy afp nUM kIqf-afiKr ikAuN? drasl afp ny sfbq kr idWqf ik isWK Drm ‘c pRvysL df ZMg ivsfKI 1699 AupRMq kyvl ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ hI hY, iesqoN ielfvf hor koeI vI ZMg pRvfx nhIN. apxy afp qoN sLurU krky ieh vI sfbq kr idWqf ik ‘crx pfhul’ df cldf af irhf nIXm hux pUrI qrHF KLWqm kr idWqf igaf hY. ieMnf hI nhIN Aus smyN afp ny isWKF dy nfvF ivc vI qbdIlLI krky sB qoN pihlF afp ‘goibMd rfey qoN ‘goibMd isMG’ ho gey aqy sMpUrx pMQ vfsqy vI hux iehI hukm sI.

‘pMQ dI isrjxf’ jF ‘Kflsf sfjnf’?- 1699 dy pfhul sMcfr smfgm nUM ieiqhfs ‘c ‘Kflsf sfjnf idvs’ jF iPr ‘pMQ sfjnf’ dy nfm nfl vI Xfd kIqf jFdf hY. cyqy rhy, pMQ inWqnymI, kysfDfrI, kMGfDfrI ieQoN qIk ik kCihrf DfrI vI pihly jfmy qoN hI sI. jMgF ‘c kuwdx krky CyvyN jfmy qoN sLsqRDfrI vI ho cuWkf sI. bfxI gurU df isDFq vI pihly jfmy qoN hI cldf af irhf sI. awj qF bfxI vflI juWgq vrqfAux dI aqy isWK Drm ‘c pRvysL krvfAux dI ijMmyvfrI vI pWky qOr qy ‘pfhul pRfpq pMjF dy rUp ‘c pMQ dy hvfly kr idwqI geI. ienHF ‘c ‘kVf’ joVky pMj kkfrF nUM vI inXmq kr idWqf. iswKF dy nfvF nfl-isMG ‘qy kOr-vfly sLbd pWky krky, pMQ nUM iek pRvfr df rUp dy idWqf qfik jfq goq vflI pihcfx dI loV vI muWk jfvy. sB qoN vWzI qWbdIlI, ‘pfhul CWkfAux’ vflI ijLmyvfrI pMQ dy spurd kr dyxf sI.

iesqrHF nMgI qlvfr vfly ieimiqhfn ‘c ‘gurU hukmF qoN afpf kurbfn krn vflI iqafrI ‘c pMQ 100% nMbr lYky pfs hoieaf qF iswK nUM pfqsLfh ny pRsMn hoky ‘Kflsy’ dI AupfDI nfl vI invfijaf. isWK nUM nvF bolf bKisLaf-"vfihgurU jI kf Kflsf ] vfihgurU jI kI PLiqh]" iesy df nfm sI "pMQ dI jF Kflsy dI sfjnf". sfzf Drm aQvf pMQ qF pihly jfmyN qoN hI pRgt kIqf jf cuWkf sI aqy ieh ‘pMQ’ sI ‘isWK pMQ’ aWQvf ‘isWK Drm’. sfzf Drm aj vI isWK hY aqy rvygf vI ‘isWK’. ‘pRgt krnf’ jF ‘sfjnf’, dovyN glF iBMn-iBMn hn. ivsfKI 1699 nUM pMQ pRgt nhIN kIqf blik pMQ sfijaf igaf sI.

  BWgdV nhIN mWcI- kuJ ieiqhfskfrF df ieh pRcfrxf ik sMn 1699 dI ivsfKI nUM isWKF dy sIs mMgx qy sMgqF ‘c snftf Cf igaf, BWgdV mWc geI; kyvl kpol klpnf hY. isWK qF pihly jfmy qoN hI pfhulDfrI sn. qMn-mMn-DMn gurU nUM sOpx qoN bfd hI iksy nUM isWKI dI dfq imldI sI. CyvyN pfqsLfh ny cfr jMgf lVIaF. AunHF pfs afpf kurbfn krn vfly isWKF dI hI PLOj sI. nONvyN pfqsLfh dI sLhfdq qoN pihlF BfeI mqIdfs, idaflf ‘qy BfeI sqIdfs dI sLhfdq, gurU crxF qoN apxf afp vfrx dI hI Bfvnf sI, ieh sLhfdqF iksy srkfrI hukm ‘c nhIN sn. sMn 1699 qIk isWKF ny CotIaF-vWzIaF lgBg 12 jMgF lVIaF ‘qy sfrIaF ijWqIaF vI sn. gurU ky isWK qF hr pWl guruU dy hukmF qoN kurbfx hox vfilaF dI kWqfr ‘c KVy rihx vfilaF df hI nfm sI. Auh qF rihMdy hI sLsqRF dI CF hyT sn. apxy gurU dy hukmF qoN rom-rom kurbfn krn vfly isWKF bfry aijhf socxf ik ‘sMgqF ‘c snftf Cf igaf’ jF ‘BWgdV mWc geI’, gurU kIaF sMgqF dI afn ‘qy sLfn dy iKlfP hY. ieh kyvl kpol klpnf qoN vWD hor kuJ nhIN. ieh qF pUrn gurdyv vloN dWs jfimaF ‘c ‘afpf vfrx’ vflI krvfeI geI sMgqF dI iqafrI qy vI ‘ikMqU’ krn dI byadbI krnf hY.

ivsfKI 1699 Kflsy df jnmidn nhIN- kuJ ieiqhfskfrF jF pRcfrkF rfhIN ivsfKI 1699 nUM Kflsy df ‘jnm idn’ jF ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ (aMimRq CWkx) df arMB pRcfrxf, vwzI BuWl hY. ieh gl, isWK Drm dy ipWCly 230 sflF dy ieiqhfs Aupr, isafhI Pyrx quWl hY. isWK Drm qF hY hI afid jugfdI Drm. gurbfxI df PLYslf hY ‘ijsdf jnm hY Aus df mrn vI avWsL hY’. isWK Drm df nf jnm hY ‘qy nf hI mrn. hF! mnuWK mfqr dy ies mUl Drm nUM iswK df nfm bKisLaf gurU nfnk pfqsLfh ny. ‘gurbfxI isiKaf dy pfbMd hoey ibnF ‘isWK’ vflI avsQf dI pRfpqI hI sMBv nhIN’. drasl ivsfKI sMn 1699 pMQ df sfjnf idvs hY. ies dy arQ hn ies idn ‘bfxI dI juWgq’ vrqfAux vflI ijLmyvfrI, pfhul pRfpq pMj ipafiraF dy rUp ‘c pMQ dy spurd kr idWqI geI. ‘isWK’ ‘Kflsf’ jF ‘isMG’, vWK-vwK sLbd nhIN.‘Kflsf jIvn’ qF isWK vfsqy pihly jfmyN qoN hI insLcq kIqf igaf sI. sMn 1699 nUM qF Ausy hI isWK nUM Kflsy dy iKqfb nfl invfijaf. iesyqrHF isWK vfsqy hI ‘isMG’ lPLjL vI Ausdy nfvF ‘c qWbdIlI kfrn pRclq ho igaf. ‘crx pfhul’ dy rUp ‘c pfhul df nIXm vI hriek isWK vfsqy pihly jfmy qoN hI jLrUrI sI. Ausy ‘crx pfhul’ dy bdly hoey ZMg df nfm sI ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ mWksd-afsLf AuhI sI; mnuWK dy jIvn nUM bfxI dy crxF nfl joVxF.

anMdpur sfihb df iklHf CWzxf- hr vfrI mUMh dI Kfx qoN bfd phfVI ihMdU rfijaF ‘qy mugl POjF dy BfrI jmfvVy ny eI: sMn 1704 ‘c anMdpur sfihb dy ikly nUM apxy Gyry ‘c lY ilaf. Cy mhIny Gyrf pfeI rWiKaf. gurU ky bhfdur sUrimaF ny aMn dy ieWk ieWk dfxy qoN lfcfr hoky vI, gurU ipqf df sfQ nhIN CWizaf. aMq vYrIaF ny aOrMgjyb kol apxI nWk rWKx vfsqy gAU qy kurfn dIaF JUTIaF ksmF KfDIaF. qWrly kWZy-gurdyv iklHf KflI kr dyx, Auh kuJ nhIN kihxgy. mWksd AuhI sI, pfqsLfh nUM DoKy nfl bMdI bnfAuxf jF sLhId krnf. juWD nIqI ‘c inpuMn gurdyv iek pfsy qF isWKF nUM smJfAuxf cfhuMdy sn ik jMg dy mYdfn ‘c dusLmx hjLfrF-lWKF ksmF Kf lvy, XkIn lfiek nhIN huMdf. dUjf-anMdpur vfsIaF nUM lMmI lVfeI sWdkf ijnHF musLklF ‘coN lMGxf pY irhf sI, AunHF nUM AusqoN injfq duafAuxI cfhuMdy sn. aMq gurdyv ny iklHf KLflI krn df PLYslf kr ilaf.

srsf df jMg aqy pRvfr ivCoVf- gurdyv ny iklHy df tuWtf-PuWtf sfmfn, juWD Kyqr ‘c PYlIaF hWzIaF, juWqIaF, kWcrf afid suMdr mWKmlI dusLfilaF ‘c ilptvfky KWcrF qy lWdvf, sfry sfmfn nUM aWgy-aWgy tor idWqf. dusLmx ny kImqI mfl jfxky, apxy sfry vfdy-sohF iCWky qy tMg, rfq dy hnyry ‘c hmlf kr idWqf. gurdyv isWKF nUM iehI qF smJfAuxf cfhuMdy sn. kfPLlf aWgy inkl igaf; dusLmx ny rfq dy hnyry ‘c apxIaF hI POjF nUM mrvfieaf. vYrI ny ieQy vI mUMh dI KfDI, nf hI gurdyv nUM bMdI bxf sikaf ‘qy nf hI sLhId kr sikaf. blik Ausny jo apxf jfnI-mflI nuksfn AuTfieaf ‘qy sLRimMdgI AuTfeI, Auh vfDy dI. srsf ndI pfr krdy smyN dusLmx ny iPr hmlf bol idWqf. iBafnk juWD hoieaf, brsfqI ndI kfrx Aus vWkq ndI ‘c BfrI hWV afieaf hoieaf sI. amulf sfihq jo pfAUNtf sfihb ‘c ricaf igaf sI aqy anykF isMG vI srsf ‘c vih gey jF ivCWV gey. gurU jI df pRvfr vI KyrUM-KyrUM ho ky iqMn ihWisaF ‘c vMizaf igaf. mfqf gujrI jI, Coty do sfihbjLfidaF nfl aWz ho gey. mfqf suMdr kor, BfeI mnI isMG jI nfl Bys bdlky idWlI nUM inkl gey. Ausy Xfd ‘c ieQy gurduafrf ‘pRvfr ivCOVf’ mOjUd hY. do vWzy sfihbjLfdy ‘qy 40 PWtV isWKF nfl gurdyv ndI pfr kr, cmkOr dI kWcI gVHI ‘c jf itWky. ieh gVHI gurU ky isWK BfeI buDI cMd dI sI. anykF isWK jo pfxI ‘c bih gey pr jIvq bWc gey, jdoN surq afeI-qWd qIk KLWbrF sn ik gurdyv cmkOr dI gVHI ‘c sLhId ho cuWkyy hn. Auh vI mflvy-mfJy apxy GrF nUM muVx leI mjbUr ho gey.

cmkOr dI byimsfl, byjoV jMg- ieWDr dusLmx ny cmkOr dI gVHI nUM Gyr ilaf. aMdr gurU pfqsLfh, do vWzy sfihbjfdy aqy BuWKy jLKmI kyvl cflI isMG; bfhr lWKF df Gyrf. dunIaF dy ieiqhfs ‘c ieho ijhI byjoV jMg dI ikWDry imsfl nhIN imlygI. isMGF ny kmfl dI bhfdurI idKfeI, iksy ny idWl nhIN hfiraf, GuWtny nhIN tyky, dusLmx aWgy smrpx nhIN kIqf. sfrf idn, Coty-Coty jWQaF ‘c dusLmx dy afhU lFdy rhy. ieQy dOvyN vWzy sfihbjLfdy vI sLhId ho gey pr gurdyv ny ieWk aWQrU nhIN kyiraf. aMq pMj isMGF dy rUp ‘c pMQ dy hukm agy isr Jukfieaf ‘qy gVHI ‘coN inkl gey. Auh vI corI nhIN inkly, blik rfq dy hnyry ‘c pfqsLfh ny qfVI mfrky dusLmx nUM sucyq kIqf aqy BfeI dieaf isMG qy BfeI mfn isMG-do isMGF nfl dusLmx dIaF POjF nUM cIrdy hoey mfCIvfVy jf puWjy. dusLmx df insLfnf qF gurdyv nUM jIvq pWkVx jF sLhId krn df sI pr ieQy vI AusyqrHF hI mUMh dI KfDI. Aus Xfd ‘c ieQy ‘gurduafrf qfVI sfihb’ mOjUd hY.

jLPrnfmf- dInf ngr puWjky pfqsLfh nUM do Coty sfihbjLfdy aqy mfqf gujrI bfry srhMd ivKy hoeI sLhfdq dI KLWbr imlI. gurdyv ny ieQoN aOrMgjLyb nUM PfrsI ‘c ‘jLPrnfmf’ nfmk ieiqhfsk icWTI ilKI. ‘jLPrnfmf’ dy arQ hn ‘ijWq dI icWTI. icWTI nUM pVHx mgroN jdoN aOrMgjLyb nUM aslIaq df pqf lgf qF Auh mrn qIk ies afqmiglfnI qoN nhIN AuWBr sikaf. iehI sWdmf AusdI mOq df kfrn vI bixaf.

muWkqsr dI ieiqhfsk jMg- AuprMq gurdyv mOjUdf muWkqsr dy sQfn qy puWjy, iesnUM Aus smyN ‘KWdrfny dI Zfb’ krky jfixaf jFdf sI. vYrI dIaF POjF ieQy vI afp df ipWCf kr rhIaF sn. ieWQy iPr iBafnk aqy aMqm jMg hoeI. srsf ndI qoN ivWCVy lgBg 40 isMG BfeI mhF isMG aqy mfqf Bfg kOr dI kmfn hyT muV jWQybMd hoky ‘qy nvIN kumk lYky rfimafxy dy sQfn qy gurdyv nUM agoN hoky af imly sn. iehI jWQf muWkqsr dI jMg smyN aWgy ho ky morcfbMd hoieaf. gurdyv Zfb qy[Klo ky apxIaF PLOjF dI kmfn kr rhy sn.jMg ‘c Pqih iPLr gurdyv dI hI hoeI, dusLmx dIaF POjF BFj Kf ky mYdfn KflI kr geIaF.

gurdyv Zfb qoN hyTF Auqry, BfeI mhF isMG ‘qy mfqf Bfg kor ajy jIivq sn. BfeI mhF isMG nUM srsf dy jMg dOrfn, pfqsLfh qoN ivWCV jfn df mlfl sI. pfqsLfh ny Aus nUM DIrj idWqI aqy PLurmfieaf ik Auh qF ivWCV ky vI mn krky gurU nfl juVy hoey sn, gurU qoN tuWty nhIN sn. iesy Xfd ‘c Aus sQfn qy gurduafrf ‘tuWtI gMZI’ aWj vI mOjUd hY. gurdyv ny ieWk-ieWk sLhId isWK df muWKVf afp sfPL kIqf, ipafiraf aqy ‘myrf pMj hjLfrI’ ‘myrf dWs hjLfrI’ afid dy iKLqfbF nfl invfijaf. DrqI nUM muWkqsr df suMdr ieiqhfsk nfm vI bKLisLaf. ijs sQfn ‘qy sLhId isWKF df sskfr kIqf igaf, Aus Xfd ‘c AuQy ‘gurduafrf sLhId gMj’ mOjUd hY.

afid bIV dI sMpUrnqf- AupRMq pfqsLfh dmdmf sfihb, sfbokI qlvMzI ijLlf biTMzf puWjy. iesnUM aj Kflsy df pMjvF qWKLq ielfixaf jf cuWkf hY. isWK ieiqhfs anusfr ieQy gurU sfihb ny afid bIV ‘c nOvyN pfqsLfh dI bfxI BfeI mnI isMG qoN afp drj krvfky bIV nUM sMpUrn kIqf. ieQoN dy hI gurUdr qoN vfry vfry jfx vfly cODrI zWlf ny pfqsLfh qoN ‘pfhul’ pRfpq kIqI ‘qy AusnUM BfeI zWlf isMG bxfieaf. AusdI aMsL hux qIk pfhulDfrI hY. nvIaF KojF anusfr bIV dI sMpUrxqf ivsfKI sMn 1699 qoN pihlF hI krvfeI jf cuWkI sI.

aOrMgjLyb dI mOq- ‘jLPLrnfmf’ pVHx qoN bfd aorMgjLyb gurU pfqsLfh nUM imlx leI Auqfvlf sI. gurdyv sMn 1706 eI: ‘c aOrMgjLyb dy swdy qy AusnUM imlx vfsqy dwKx vwl nUM cWl pey. mulfkfq qoN pihlF hI aOrMgjLyb dI aOrMgfbfd dy sQfn qy mOq ho geI. Ausdy puwqr muajLm (bfd ‘c bhfdr sLfh) dI bynqI qy gurdyv ny AusdI mWdd kIqI aqy Aus nUM idwlI dy qWKq qy ibTfieaf.

bYrfgI qoN bMdf isMG bhfdur- bMdf isMG bhfdur df jnm, jMmU puxC ‘c hoieaf sI. ies df pihlf nfm lCmx dfs ‘qy huxN mfDodfs bYrfgI sI. hux qIk ieh apxy ikMny hI gurU bdl cuWkf sI pr iksy qoN vI iehdI qsWlLI nf hoeI. hux ieh, irWDIaF-isWDIaF dy Jmyly ‘c PWs cuWkf df sI. afm lok iehdy srfpF-krOpIaF qoN zWry-sihmy rihMdy sn. gurdyv AuhnUM, Ayusdy afsLRm Aupr jfky imly. Aus smyN ieh apxy afsLRm ‘c nhIN sI, imlfp AupRMq, Auhdf jIvn bdilaf. Ausny afpxy afp nUM gurU pfqsLfh dy smrpx kr idWqf. gurdyv rfhI Ausdf nF puWCx qy kihx lgf ‘pfqsLfh mYN hux quhfzf hI bMdf hF’. gurdyv ny AuhnUM pfhul bKLsLI, bYrfgI qoN iswK sjfieaf aqy Ausdf nfm gurbKLsL isMG rWiKaf. iehI gurbKsL isMG bfd ‘c ‘bMdf isMG bhfdur’ krky msLhUr hoieaf. pfqsLfh ny AusnUM pMj ipafiraF dI kmfn hyT pMQ df jrnYl Qfp ky pMjfb vl qoiraf. Aus nUM sUbf srcMd ‘qy hor jLflmF dI suDfeI df kMm sONipaf igaf. gurdyv ny AuhdI kmfn hyT kMm krn leIy isMGF nUM hukmnfmy Byjy. AupRMq bMdy ny, jLflmF nUM soiDaf, ijWqF hfsl kIqIaF ‘qy Kflsf rfj vI kfiem kIqf. bMdI ho jfx qoN bfd ijs sUrmgqI nfl isWKI isWdk inBfAuNdy, ies ny lfsfnI sLhfdq pRfpq kIqI, Auh iek vwKrf ieiqhfs hY.

gurgWdI sONpnf aqy joqI joq smfAuxf- 18 agsq, sMn 1708 eI: nUM sUby srhMd vjLId KF dy Byjy do pTfnF ny gurdyv qy DoKy nfl CuWry df vfr kIqf. iek nUM qF gurdyv ny AuQy hI pfr bulf idWqf aqy dUjy nUM gurU ky isWKF ny jhnm rsId krvf idWqf; ijrfh (hkIm) ny jLKm sIa idWqy. jLKm qF hry ho cuWky sn pr ieWk idn BfrI icWlf cVHfAux qy jLKm iPr KuWlH gey. pfqsLfh ny mlHm pWtI qoN mnHf kr idWqf. hukm kIqf ik sfnUM akflpurK df sWdf af cuWkf hY.

aMq 6 akqUbr sMn 1708- dWKx sRI nfdyV sfihb dy sQfn qy dsmysL jI ny iek ivsLysL smfgm kIqf. sfihb sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dI qfibaf pMj ipafiraF nUM KVf krky, sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dy sMnmuK mWQf tyk idWqf. iesqrHF spWsLt kr idWqf ik gurbfxI df KjLfnf sMpUrx ho cukf hY aqy ies df srUp ‘sihb sRI gurU gRMQ sfih jI’ hn aqy ienHF qON pRfpq juWgq anusfr hI, pMj ipafiraF ny pMMQ dI agvfeI krnI hY. ies smyN afpjI df PLurmfn sI- pUjf akflpurKu kI - prcf sLbd kf - dIdfr KLflsy kf.

bfxI dy gurU hox vflI gl qF pihly jfmy qo hI spsLWt kIqI jf rhI sI. ieh qF kyvl srUp dI sMpUrxqf df aYlfn sI. spsLWt kr idWqf ik ‘sfihb sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI’ aMdr drj bfxI hI isWK sMgqF vfsqy gurU hY AusqoN agy ipCy nhIN hoxf (prcf sLbd kf). mWqlb ieh ik isWK ny ies gRMQ ivWcly ‘gurbfxI’ dy igafn qoN bfhr iksy nUM ‘gurU’ krky nf hI mMxnf hY aqy nf hI iksy nUM ‘gurU’ quWl jfxnf hY.

joq gMRQ ivc, juWgq pMQ ivc- "pUjf akfl purK kI-prcf sLbd kf- dIdfr Kflsy kf" ies df mWqlb hY ik ‘gurbfxI’ dI juWgq nUM pMQ pRvfxq ‘pMj ipairaF’ ny ienHF iqMnF vfkF dy dfiery ‘c rihky hI vrqfAuxf hY. iehI sI gurbfxI dy sMpUrx srUp nUM gurgWdI dI sOpxf. ieh kihxf ik srIr vflI gl hI KLWqm kr idWqI, bfxI isDFq nfl myl nhIN KFdI. PLYslf hY "joiq Ehf jugiq sfie sih kfieaf Pyir pltIaY" (pM:966) suafl qF kyvl ieMnf hY ik pMQ ny ikhVf ZMg vrqxf hY qfik smyN smyN nfl nIXq kIqy ‘pMj ipafry’ "pUjf akfl purK kI-prcf sLbd kf-dIdfr Kflsy kf" vflI apxI sImF ‘c rihky hI kMm krn. ieh ‘pMj ipafry’ kdy vI sdIvI jF iksy Auhdy nUM muWK rKky pMQ Aupr nhIN Qopy jf skdy. ieh sWcfeI vI dsmysL jI ny apxy jIvn kfl ‘c hI pRgt kr idWqI sI. ivsfKI 1699, AupRMq dfdU dI kWbr vflI GWtnf, cmkOr dy sfky smyN, bfbf bMdf isMG nUM pMjfb Byjx smy, nfdyV sfihb dI ajOkI GWtxf-pMj ipafry, hr smyN iBMn-iBMn sn.

gurbfxI gurU dI gl pihly jfmy qoN hI pWkI kIqI jf cuWkI sI. Aus gurU rUpI sdIvI joq qoN pRgt hox vflI juWgq Bfv ‘jIvn jfc’vI sdIvI aqy bfxI dy aMdr hI sI. juWgq GVHx vflI gl vI dsmysL jI rfhINN sMpUrx ho cuWkI sI. juWgq vrqfAux dI srIrk ijMmyvfrI vI ivsfKI 1699 qIk dWs srUpF rfhI pfqsLfh ny afp vrqfeI aqy Aus idn qoN ieh srIrk ijLmyvfrI vI pMQ nUM sONp idqI geI sI. PLYslf idwqf ik sfihb sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI hI akflpuRrKu df ‘sLbd-bfxI’ dy sLuD aqy sMpUrn srUp hn. gurbfxI Bfv ‘gurU gRMQ sfihb’ jI dI isiKaf anusfr cly ibnF koeI isWK nhIN-iehI hY ‘joq gMRQ ivc aqy juWgq pMQ ivc’.

juWgq bnfAuxI aqy jugWq vrqfAuxI- dsmysL jI dI jIvnI qoN, ieh gl BlI BFq AuGV ky sfihmxy afAuNdI hY ik ‘juWgq bnfAuxI’ hor gl hY aqy ‘jugWq vrqfAuxI’ dUjI gl hY."joiq Ehf jugiq sfie " (pM:966) gurbfxI dy PLurmfn aqy 6 akqUbr sMn 1708 vflI ieiqhfsk GWtxf jdoN pfqsLfh ny gurbfxI dy srUp ‘sfihb sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb’ jI Aupr sMpUrxqf dI morh lgf idWqI qF iesqrHF spWsLt kr idWqf ik nf hI qF joq rUp ‘gurU gRMQ sfihb’ jI dI bfxI ‘c hun koeI vfDf-Gftf ho skdf hY aqy nf hI ies srUp qoN pRgt hox vflI ‘jIvn juWgq jF jIvn-jfc’ ‘c hI ikAuNik "joiq Ehf jugiq sfie " df PLurmfn iesy dI AugfhI Br irhf hY. juWgq vflI sWcfeI nUM qF asIN ieiqhfs dy JroKy coN sihjy hI dyK skdy hF ijvyN(1) ivsfKI sMn 1699 qIk isWK Drm ‘c pRvysL df ZMg ‘crx pfhul’ sI pr pMQ dy spurd krdy smyN dsmysL jI ny iesnUM ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ ‘c bdl idWqf. hflFik mqlb AuhI irhf pr ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ vflf ZMg sdIvI hY ies ‘c rihdI dunIaf qIk qWbdIlI nhIN ho skdI. (2) pihlF isWK Drm ‘c pRvysL AupRMq nfvF ‘c qbdIlI nhIN sI huMdI. iesdy Ault hux hr ieWk isWK vIr jF bIbI dy nfm nfloN purfnI jfq-goq vflI pihcfx KWqm krky isMG ‘qy kOr vflf srUp bKsL idWqf. gurU ky isWKF dy nfvF dy nfl ieh qbdIlI hux sdIv kfl vfsqy hn.

dyKx dI gl hY ik ienHF donF qwbdIlIaF df sMbMD pMQk juWgq nfl hY aqy iesdf hWk vI kyvl dWsF srUpF nUM hI sI pr pMQ kol ajyhf koeI hWk nf hY-nf kdy hovygf hI. ieQoN ieh gl vI spWsLt ho jfxI cfhIdI hY jdoN ik asIN ieh mMn bYTdy hF ik pMQ hI gurU hY jF ‘gurU pMQ hY’ qF ieh dovyN glF isWK isDFq nfl myl nhIN KFdIaF. iesdy leI jdNo sWcfeI AuGV ky sfhmxy afAuNdI hY qF asl lPLjL sfbq huMdf hY ‘gurU kf pMQ’. sLfied vWkq dI dOV nfl asIN ies ivcoN ‘kf’ lPLjL hI ivsfr bYTy qy pRcfrnf sLurU kr idWqf ‘gurU pMQ’. dUjy lPLjLF ‘c jy kr sWcmuc ‘pMQ’ afp hI gurU hY qF pMQ nUM ‘gurU’ dI loV hI ikWQy rih jFdI hY pr ioeh mMn lYxf jF kihxf vI iqMn kfl hI sMBv nhIN-gurU qoN ibnF qF pMQ dI hoNd hI ikWQy rih geI.

smJx df ivsLf hY ik gurU qF srb smrQ hY, Auh bfxI GWV skdf hY, dUijaF dIaF rcnfvF nUM pRvfn krky apxI brfbrI vI dy skdf hY, ijvyN 15 BgqF, 11 BWtF ‘qy iqMn isWKF dIaF rWcnfvF ‘sihb sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb ‘c drj hn. iesyqrHF guru nvIN juWgq nUM GWV ky jF Aus ‘c qWbdIlI krky vI vrqf skdf hY. pr pMQ ieh dovyN kfrj nhIN kr skdf pMQ qF kyvl bfxI dy dfiery ‘c rihky hI Aus sdIvI juWgq nUM ‘smUhk pMj ipafiraF/ dy rUp ‘c vrqf skdf hY. vWzI loV hY, pMQ aqy gurU vfly ies muWZly PLrk nUM BlI BFq smJx dI .

‘dsvyN pfqsLfh kf gRMQ’ aqy ‘dsm gRMQ’- sMgqF pfs pihlF qoN jo bIVF mOjUd sn, AunHF ‘c nOvyN pfqsLfh dI bfxI drj nhIN sI. dsmysL jI rfhIN bIV ‘c nOvyN pfqsLfh dI bfxI nUM drj krvfky, bIV nUM sMpUrn kIqf igaf. hux sMgqF pfs do qrHF dIaF aWz-aWz bIVF sn. vwkqI qOr qy pihcfx vfsqy nOvyN pfqsLfh dI bfxI rfhIN sMpUrn bIVF nUM "dsvyN pfqsLfh kf gRMQ" krky jfixaf jfx lgf. ieiqhfs ‘c afey iesy lPjL df lfB AuTf ky, ivroDIaF vloN ivWcly smyN ‘c ‘dsm gMRQ’ nfm dI ieWk hor rcnf pMQ ‘c pRclq kr idWqI geI. ivdvfnF anusfr ies ‘c vWD qoN vWD pMj rcnfvF ‘jfpu sfihb, akfl AusqWq (aMqm dyvI AusqWq vfly slok CWzky), 33 svXY, kuJ sLbd hjLfry ‘qy jLPrnfm’ hI dsmysL jI dIaF ho skdIaF hn. AuMJ ieh rcnfvF vI gurU gRMQ sfihb ‘c drj nhIN hn. bfkI qF gurmwq nfl AuWkf myl hI nhIN KFdIaF. ivroDIaF vloN aWj iesy ‘dsm gMRQ’ dI tyk lYky ‘sRI gurU gMRQ jI’ dI brfbrI krvfAux dy koJy jwqn kIqy jf rhy hn, jo iqMn kfl sMBv nhIN. pMQ nUM sucyq rihx dI loV hY. dsmysL jI ny kyvl ‘sRI gurU gMRQ jI’ nUM hI sMpUrxqf aqy gurgWdI bKsLI iksy hor gRMQ jF rcnf nUM nhIN. hor koeI vI rcnf gurbfxI quWl nhIN mMnI jf skdI.

pMj ipafiraF dI kfrj sImF- smyN-smyN qy loV anusfr pMQ vloN pRvfxq pMj ipafiraF dI kfrj sImF ijhVI dsmysL jI ny pWkI kIqI, Auh hY- pUjf akflpurKu kI-prcf sLbd kf-dIdfr Kflsy kf- Bfv pMj ipafry ijnHF ny gurbfxI dI juWgq nUM aMdr vrqfAuxf hY AunHF leI kfrj sImF kdy nhIN bdl skdI aqy ieh kfrj sImF nMbrvfr iesqrHF hY:-

(A) gurbfxI juWgq nUM, kyvl akflpurKu dy BX ‘c rihky hI vrqfAuxf hY. iksy hor dy BX, cfplUsI, pWKpfq, KuMdk aDIn hoky jF iksy suafrQ vWs nhIN. drasl gurbfxI hI akflpurKu df sLuWD pRgtfvf vI hY.

(a) iehnF pMjF vfsqy kyvl ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ df DfrnI hoxf hI kfPLI nhIN, blik ieh pMj ipafry bfxI dy DurMDr ivdvfn hoxy vI jLrUrI hn qfik ienHF df idWqf jF kIqf PYslf qy syD, bfxI ivcfrDfrf qoN bfhr nf jFdI hovy.

(e) ieh pMj ipafry injI jIvn aqy srUp Bfv dohF pWKF qoN iddfrI hoxy jrUrI hn. AunHF df kyvl pMj kkfrI hoxf hI ‘dIdfrI hoxf kfPLI nhIN, ienHF sWjxf df apxy inWq dy jIvn ‘c vI bfxI anusfr ivWcrdy hoxf jLrUrI hY. blik ieh vI jLrUrI hY ik Auh afp hI iksy aKOqI sMq, sfD, mhfrfj jF BfeI sfihb qoN pRfpq jIvn dfiery ‘c hI PLWsy nf hox. #01s 93.10s05#

Including this Gurmat Lesson No 01

jIvn JWlk-dsmysL ipqf

sfihb sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI

For all the Gurmat Lessons written by ‘Principal Giani Surjit Singh’ Sikh Missionary, Delhi, all the rights are reserverd with the writer, but easily available for Distribution within ‘Guru Ki Sangat’ with an intention of Gurmat Parsar, at quite a nominal printing cost i.e. mostly Rs 200/- to 300/- (in rare cases upto 500/-)per hundred copies . (+P&P.Extra) From ‘Gurmat Education Centre, Delhi’, Postal Address- J-IV/46- II Fl. Old D/S Lajpat Nagar.-4 New Delhi-110024 Ph. 91-11-26487315 Cell 9811292808

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