iswKF
ivwc
vYsfKI dI mhwqqf
iswK Drm dy pYrokfrF df vYsfKI nfl gUVf sbMD hY. vYsfKI ijQy
KyqI krn vfly pMjfbIaF leI nvF sfl huMdf hY, AuQy iswK Drm dy pihly gurU nfnk
dyv jI df jnm vI 15 aprYl 1469 eI: nUM vYsfK ivwc hoieaf sI. (hvflf: ikqfb, kwqk
ik vsfK[ ihstorIan sR[krm isMG). ies mhIny dy Dfrimk pwK dy nfl-nfl siBafcfirk
Kyz myilaF df sMbMD vI muwZ qoN hI irhf hY. ieQoN qIk ik kudrq vwloN vI ies
mhIny ruwKF afid dy nvy pwqy afAux df smF hY. ijvyN gurU sfihb bfrF mfh ivwc
PurmfAuNdy hn: vYsfKu Blf, sfKf vys kry ]( m:1, pMnf 1108) so, ho skdf hY gurU
goibMd isMG jI ny dunIaF dy sfhmxy iswKF nUM iek vwKrI kOm dy qOr qy pRgt krn
aqy nvF nfm isMG, kOr dyx vfsqy ies mhIny nUM cuixaf hovy. iswK Drm ivwc vYsfK
dy mhIny dI mhwqqf bfry BfeI gurdfs jI ilKdy hn: Gir Gir aMdir Drmsfl hovY
kIrqnu sdf ivsoaf] (vfr1, pAuVI 27)
smyN smyN anusfr akfl purK kuJ rihbr lokfeI nUM shI jIvn jIx
df rsqf dwsx leI Byjdf hY ikAuNik iswKI isDFq anusfr akfl purK jUnf ivwc nhIN
afAuNdf. ies bfry gurbfxI sfnUM spwsLt krdI hY:
sgl
prfD dyih loronI ] so muKu jlAu ijqu khih Tfkuru jonI ] (m:5, pMnf 1136)
so jdoN gurU nfnk dyv jI dunIaF qy afey Aus smyN jnqf Dfrimk qy isafsI lIzrF
vwloN luwtI jf rhI sI. lokF df mnobl ibwlkul izwg cuwkf sI. AuhnF ‘qy lMmy
smyN qoN huMdy rhy julm hox kfrn hux AunFH dIaF afqmfvF nUM muV surjIq krn leI
lMmF smF cfhIdf sI. ies krky gurU nfnk dyv jI dI joq (ivcfrDfrf) ny dws jfimaF
rfhIN qkrIbn 230 sfl Auprflf kIqf.
gurU nfnk dyv jI ny lokF dI mr cuwkI afqmF nUM ijvfAuNx leI
Audm arMiBaf qy afiKaf ik jy qusIN iswKI mfrg ‘qy cwl ky akfl purK dI pRfpqI
aqy hIxBfvnf Kwqm krnI hY qF afpxy afp nUM gurU awgy arpn kro:
jAu qAu pRym Kylx kf cfAu ] isru Dir qlI glI myrI afAu ]
iequ mfrig pYru DrIjY ] isru dIjY kfix n kIjY ] (m: 1, pMnf
1412)
ies dy nfl hI AuhnF afpxy pYrokfrF nUM kys nf kwtxy qy AunFH
dI sPfeI vfsqy kMGf rwKxf df nIXm pRcfiraf. kysF dy rwKx bfry gurU nfnk sfihb dy
iehnF sLbdF qoN vI sbUq imldy hn:
qyry
bMky loiex dMq rIsflf ] sohxy nk ijn lµmVy vflf ]( m:1, pMnf 567)
kkY kys puMzr jb hUey, ivxu sfbUxY Aujilaf ]
jm rfjy ky hyrU afey, mfieaf kY sMgil bMiD lieaf ]( m: 1,
pMnf 432)
AuhnF qoN bafd coQy gurU sfihbfn ny iswK dI rihxI bfry Purmfn
jfrI kIqf:
gur siqgur kf jo isKu aKfey su Blky AuiT hir nfmu iDafvY ]
Audmu kry Blky prBfqI iesnfnu kry aMimRqsir nfvY ]
Aupdyis gurU hir hir jpu jfpY siB iklivK pfp doK lih jfvY ]
iPir cVY idvsu gurbfxI gfvY bhidaf AuTidaf hir nfmu iDafvY ]
jo sfis igrfis iDafey myrf hir hir so gurisKu gurU min BfvY ]
(m:4, pMnf 305)
gurU nfnk jI ny pMjvyN
jfmy ivwc iPr iek vfr iswKF nUM sucyq krn leI Purmfieaf sI ik afpxI hAumY iqafg
ky iPr afpxy afp nUM gurU awgy arpn kro.
slok ]
pihlf mrxu kbUil, jIvx kI Ciz afs ]
hohu sBnf kI ryxukf, qAu afAu hmfrY pfis ]1] ( m: 5, pMnf
1102)
CyvyN jfmy ivwc gurU nfnk jI ny ivcr ky iswKF nUM ikRpfn rwKx
df pRcfr kIqf . Aus smyN iswK jLuarq nfl jflmF df mukfblf krn df hOslf krn lwg
pey aqy iswKF ny muglF dy iKlfP lVfeIaF vI lVIaF. ijnFH ivwc apRYl 1634 eI: nUM
aMimRqsr hoeI jMg Kfs vrnx Xog hY. jdoN gurU jI afpxI bIbI vIro dy ivafh dy
pRbMD ivwc ruJy sn.
iPr nfvyN jfmy ivwc gurU qyg bhfdr sfihb nfl idlI ivwc sLhIdI
dyx vfilaF dIaF anoKIaF imsflF dunIaF nUM vyKx vfsqy imlIaF. iehnF kurbfnIaF qoN
ieh iswD huMdf hY ik Aus smyN ijhVy lok iswKI ivwc sLfml sn Auh pUrI qrFH cVHdI
klf ivwc sn.
iswK Drm dI nINh Bfvy gurU nfnk dyv jI ny pihly jfmy ivwc
rwKI sI, pr ies nUM dUsry DrmF dy pYrokfrF nfloN vwKrI srIrk qy nFm qoN pihcfxy
jfxf ajy vI bfkI sI. imsfl dy qOr qy ijvyN ies smyN iswKF ivwcoN bxy inrMkfrI,
nfmDfrIey, akfl purK dI hoNd qoN munkr kfmryz qy rfDf suafmI afpxy nFm nfl hflI
vI isMG-kOr vflf nFm vrqdy hn; ievyN hI Aus smyN iswK vI ihMdU qy muslmfnf vflf
nFa vrqdy sn .ies qrFH Kflsf pMQ dI sfjnf nfl nfnk nfm lyvf iek jQybMDk ZFcy
ivwc bwJ gey. gurU goibMd isMG jI aqy AuhnF dy iswKF ny ies aMimRq dI Gtxf vfprn
qoN pihlF ihMdU phfVI rfijaF vwlo kIqy hmilaF df zwtky mukfblf kIqf qy ijwqF
pRfpq kIqIaF . iehnF ivwcoN pihlI lVfeI BMgfxI df XuD bhuq msLhUr hY. BfvyN ky
ieh lVfeIaF afpxI rwiKaf krn leI lVnIaF peIaF sn pr ienFH qoN gurU sfihb nUM ieh
XkIn ho igaf ik iswK afpxI rwiKaf kr skdy hn.
iswKF df pRclq krmkFzF qoN hwtky iek akfl purK dy AupfsLk hox
df sbUq ies sfKI qoN imldf hY. afKdy hn ik iek pMzq sLincrvfr gurU sfihb kol
afieaf qy afKx lwgf, "sLincr gRih dy AupfE vfsqy mYnUM qyl, mfh qy lohf dfn
kro". gurU sfihb ny soicaf, kI iswKF ivwc hfly vI sLuB-asLuB, vihm-Brm,
aMDivsLvfs qy krmkFz qF nhIN Psy pey hn ? ieh jfxn vfsqy gurU jI ny pMzq nUM
ikhf, ik myry iswK AuQy bYTy hn jf ky AuhnF kolo dfn lY lE. jd pMzq iswKF kol
igaf qF iswKF ny kolo dfn dyx dI bjfey sgoN Ausdf qyl, mfh qy lohf rwK ilaf aqy
mfh pIhky qyl ivwc pkOVy bxfey qy lohy dy kVy bxfky bfhF ivwc pf ley. ieh swB
kuJ vyKky gurU jI KusL hoey ik hux myry iswK pujfrI jmfq vwloN pfey aMDivsLvfsF
qy vihmF BrmF qoN njLfq pf ky isrP iek akfl purK dy AupfsLk bx gey hn aqy
gurbfxI dy AunHF sLbdF ‘qy pUry Auqrdy hn:
khu
kbIr jn Bey Kflsy, pRym Bgiq ijh jfnI ](pMnf 654)
gurU sfihb ny 30 mfrc 1699 eI: nUM anMdpur sfihb ivKy, kysgVH
dy asQfn qy vYsfKI vfly idn iek vwzf iekwT kIqf. Aus smyN afp ny nMgI ikRpfn kwZ
ky AuwcI avfjL ivwc afiKaf: "Drm dy vfsqy iek isr dI loV hY" koeI hY
gurU df iswK jo sIs Byt kry"? Aus smyN lfhOr vfsI BfeI dieaf rfm ny af ky
gurU awgy isr Byt kIqf. dUsrI vfrI idwlI df BfeI Drm dfs, iPr duafrkf dy BfeI
mhokm cMd, jgnnfQ purI (AuVIsf) dy BfeI ihmMq rfie lFgrI aqy ibdr (krnftk) dy
BfeI sfihb cMd hurF ny ies qrFH vfrI vfrI pMjf isrF dI mMg pUrI kIqI. ieh EhI
mMg sI ijhVI gurU nfnk sfihb ny pihly jfmy ivwc kIqI sI
:
jAu qAu pRym Kylx kf cfAu ] isru Dir qlI glI myrI afAu ]
pr ies smyN hwQ ivwc ikRpfn sI. gurU sfihb ny pihly jfmy ivwc ijhVf svfl iswKF
nUM pfieaf sI, Ausy df hI dsvyN jfmy ivwc iemiqhfn ilaf jf irhf sI. ijs ivwc
iswK pUry nMbr lYky pfs hoey sn. gurU sfihb ny iehnF pMjF iswKF nUM KMzy bfty dI
pfhul idwqI. iehnF pMjF dy nfvF nfl isMG ‘sLbd’ lfieaf. ies qrFH hux BfeI
dieaf rfm qoN dieaf isMG bx gey qy Drm dfs qoN Drm isMG, mhokm cMd qoN mhokm
isMG, ihMmq rfey qoN ihMmq isMG qy sfihb cMd qoN sfihb isMG bx gey . iehnF pMjF
nUM pMj ipafry" kih ky invfijLaf . iPr rihq mrXfdf bfry jfxkfrI idwqI. ijs
ivwc cfr muwK kurihqF qoN vrijaf. (1) kysF dI by-adbI (2) kuwTf Kfxf (3)
pr-iesqRI jF pr-pursL df gmn ( Bogxf) ( 4) qmfkU df vrqxf .
Aus smyN iek hor vI anOKI Gtxf vfprI ijhVI iksy hor Drm ivwc
nhIN vfprI hY, ik gurU afpxy cyilaF awgy hwQ krky aMimRq dI dfq mMgI hovy. gurU
sfihb ny AunFH pMjf ipafiraF kolo hwQ joV ky aMimRq dI dfq mMgI qy aMimRq
Cwikaf. ies qrFH afp goibMd rfie qoN goibMd isMG bx gey. ijhVI mrXfdf afp ny
isMGF ‘qy lfgU kIqI sI, AusnUM afpxy afp ‘qy vI lfgU kIqf.
gurU sfihb ny KMzy bfty dI pfhul lYx vfly pRfxI vfsqy kuJ
pihlF qoN cly af rhy kkfr qy kuJ Aus smyN lfgU krky ieh pMj kkfr lfjmI kr idwqy.
(1) kwGf, kVf, ikRpfn, kCihrf, qy kys aqy hryk nfnk nfm lyvf nUM afpxy nFa nfl
isMG qy kOr lfAux leI afiKaf aqy ivKfvy vfly krmkFzF, vihmF-BrmF, pfKMzF qy
aMDivsLvfsF vrgIaF afqmf qOr ‘qy igrfvt ilafAux vflIaF lfhnqF nUM afpxy nyVy
nf Zuwkx dyx leI AupdysL kIqf.
gulfm muhIm-Aud-dIn anusfr, 20,000 pRfxIaF ny kuJ idnF ivwc
aMimRq Ck ilaf. zf[ gMzf isMG anusfr ieh igxqI CyqI hI 80,000 qwk ho geI . ies
qoN ieh iswD hY ik iswK pihlF hI kysfDfrI sn. awj asIN ijs nUM aMimRq Cwkxf
afKdy hF, Aus smyN ies nUM KMzy bfty dI pfhul afKdy sn .
KMzy bfty dI pfhul iqafr krn vflI mhwqvpUrn Gtxf dy nfl do
sfKIaF sfzy pRcfrk bVy PLKr nfl suxfAuNdy hn qy iswK vI ibnf socy smJy suxfAux
vfly pRcfrkF ‘qy idafl ho ky pYsy dyx lwg pYNdy hn pr ieh nhIN ivcfrdy ik ieh
gwl gurU sfihbn jF iswKF dI sLfn vDfAux dy hwk ivwc jFdI hY jF Auwlt ? ijvyN
afKdy hn ik gurU jI aMimRq iqafr krn smyN pqfsy pfAuxf Buwl gey sn aqy mfqf
sfihb kOr jI ny af ky pfey. hYrfnI huMdI hY ieho aijhIaF gwlF suxky, ik ijhVy
gurU sfihb ny eyzI vwzI skIm qihq kMm kr rhy sn, Auh pqfsy pfAuxy ikvyN Buwl
skdy hn ? dUsry pfsy afKdy hn ik gurU swB jfxI jfx hY. kI asIN aijhf pRcfr krky
gurU sfihb dI isPq kr rhy huMdy hF ? gurbfxI df ieh PLurmfn hY:
Bulx aMdir sBu ko aBulu gurU krqfru ]( m:1, pMnf 61 )
ies dy nfl sMbMDq hI iek hor sfKI suxfAudy hn ik "jdoN
aMimRq iqafr hoieaf qF bfty ivwcoN do icwVIaF ny QoVf QoVf pI ilaf . Aus mgroN
dovy icwVIaF afps ivwc lV-lV ky mr geIaF . ieh vyKky gurU sfihb ny mfqf jI vwloN
ilaFdy pqfsy bfty ivwc pfey qF ik iswK aMimRq Cwk ky afps ivwc nf lVn".
ieh vI ivcfrn vflI gwl hY, ik aMimRq df mqlb Auh cIj ijs dy
Cwkx nfl iensfn afqimk qy srIrk mOq dy BYa qoN rihq ho jFdf hY aqy Aus pRfxI ny
afpxI mnmwq Cwzky, gurU vwloN idwqI isiKaf anusfr jIvn jIx df ZMg apnfAuxf huMdf
hY. kI sfzy gurU sfihb lVn JgVn vfly bxfAudy sn/ hn ? ivcfrn vflI gwl hY ik
aijhIaF sfKIaF suxfAux vfly iswK Drm dy dosq hn jF dusLmx ? gurbfxI df aMimRq
bfry ieh PLurmfn hY
:
aMimRq sbdu aMimRq hir bfxI ] siqguir syivaY irdY smfxI ]
nfnk aMimRq nfmu sdf suKdfqf pI aMimRqu sB BuK lih jfvixaf ] ( m:3, pMnf
118-119}
keI kQfkfr qy lyKk qMbU ivwc gurU sfihb qy pMjF iswKF ivwc kI
hoieaf bfry afpxI mwq anusfr ikafs afeIaF krdy rihMdy hn. jy gurU sfihb ny pVdf
rwiKaf hY qF iksy iswK nUM kI hwk hY pVdy ivwc Jfkxdf ? AuQy kI hoieaf ieh qF
akfl purK jF gurU sfihb jF pMj iswK jfxdy hn. gurU sfihb ny jo Bfxf vrqfieaf
sfnUM Aus nUM mMnxf cfhIdf hY. mnGVHq krfmqI sfKIaF suxfky iswKF nUM vihmI-BrmI
qy aMDivsLvfsI nhIN bxfAuxf cfhIdf.
kI vYsfKI df sLuB idhfVf mnfAux vfly sfzy Dfrimk, isafsI lIzr
aqy pRcfrk vfikaf hI iswKI isDFq anusfr cwldy hn ? socx vflI gwl ieh vI hY, kI
awj afpxy afp nUM Kflsf qy isMG aKvfAux vfly vfikaf hI isrP akfl purK dy AupfsLk
hn ? kI awj asIN sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dI bfxI dy qul iksy sfD dI ilKq nUM
gurbfxI dws ky qF nhIN pRcfr rhy (kwcI bfxI) ? sfnUM aijhy krm afp nf krn aqy
aijhy krmF df pRcfr krn vfilaF qoN vI sucyq rihxf cfhIdf hY.
not: ies smyN aMimRq df bftf iqafr krn vyly sRI akfl qKq
vwloN pRvfinq pMQk rihq mrXfdf anusfr: jfpu, jfpu, 10 svwXy ( sRfvg suD vfly)
bynqI cOpeI (hmrI kro hfQ dY rwCf qoN lY ky ‘dusLt doK qy lyhu bcfeI’ qk)
anMd sfihb df pfT pVHdy hn.
sfnUM vYsfKI vrgy pivqr iqAuhfr qF hI mubfrk hn jykr asIN sRI
gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dy swcy suwcy igafn dI rosLnI anusfr afpxf jIvn jIx df mnorQ
bxfeIey . afE, akfl purK dy dr ‘qy ardfs krIey, ik sfnUM vI gurU pfqsLfh dy
anmol bcnF qy clx df bl bKLsLy qF jo asIN gurU goibMd isMG jI dy Aucfry ies
svweIey anusfr afpxy jIvn nUM Zfl skIey:
jfgq joiq jpy insbfsur eyk,
ibnF mn nYk n afnY ]
pUrn pRym pRqIq sjY,
bRq gor mVI mwt BUl n mfnY ]
qIrQ dfn dXf qp sMjm,
eyk ibnf nih eyk pCfnY]
pUrn joiq jgY Gt mY,
qb Kfls qfih lKfls jfnY] (svweIey pfqsLfhI dwsvIN)
gurU pMQ df dfs,
gursLrn isMG ksyl,
knyzf.
